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Gross Anatomy > 4.4 Larynx > Flashcards

4.4 Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages?

A

thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis

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2
Q

What are the 3 paired cartilages?

A

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

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3
Q

What part of the thyroid cartilage articulates with cricoid cartilage?

A

inferior horns of thyroid cartilage

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4
Q

What attaches to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage? (3)

A

sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and inferior constrictor mm.

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5
Q

What does the cricoid cartilage have superior articular facets for?

A

arytenoid cartilages

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6
Q

Where is the inferior end of the epiglottis attached?

A

back of thyroid cartilage via thyroepiglottic ligament

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7
Q

What tethers the epiglottis to the root of the tongue and facilitates epiglottic closure during swallowing?

A

glossoepiglottic ligament (median glossoepiglottic fold)

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8
Q

What do the anterior vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages give attachment to?

A

vocal ligament and vocalis m.

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9
Q

What do the posterolateral muscular processes give attachment to?

A

thyroarytenoid, lateral and posterior cricoarytenoid mm.

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10
Q

Contraction of musculature results in swiveling of arytenoid cartilages to modify shape and size of …., to control …

A

glottis, to control phonation

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11
Q

What cartilage sits ontop of the arytenoid cartilages, and are within the aryepiglottic folds?

A

corniculate cartilages

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12
Q

What cartilages are enclosed in the aryepiglottic folds but do not articulate with other laryngeal cartilages?

A

cuneiform cartilages

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13
Q

Why is the thyrohyoid membrane important for swallowing?

A

allows for elevation of larynx during swallowing for passage of bolus

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14
Q

What extends from the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage?

A

Vocal ligament

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15
Q

What is the upper border of the conus elastics?

A

vocal ligament

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16
Q

What extends from the thyroid cartilage to the anterior lateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage (lateral aspect of corniculate cartilage)?

A

vestibular ligament

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17
Q

What 3 ligaments form the conus elastics (cricovocal ligament)?

A

cricothyroid, median cricothyroid, and vocal ligaments

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18
Q

Extends from the laryngeal inlet to the false vocal fold (vestibular folds)

A

vestibule of the larynx

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19
Q

Extend between the false vocal fold (ventricular fold) and the true vocal fold (vocal fold)

A

ventricles of the larynx

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20
Q

The space between the vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages and the narrowest portion of the laryngeal cavity

A

rima glottidis

21
Q

extend from the rima glottidis to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

A

infraglottic cavity

22
Q

extend from the thyroid cartilage above the vocal ligament to the arytenoid cartilage

A

vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

23
Q

Extend from the angle of the thyroid cartilage to the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages

A

vocal folds (true vocal cords)

24
Q

The rima glottides is wide during…

A

inspiration

25
Q

The rima glottides is narrow during …

A

expiration

26
Q

What are the tensors of the larynx? (2)

A

cricothyroid m., and vocalis m.

27
Q

What is the innervation of the cricothyroid m.?

A

external laryngeal branch from sup. laryngeal n.

28
Q

What other actions does the vocalis m. have on the larynx besides tensing it?

A

adducts and relaxes (to modulate pitch)

29
Q

What is cut in an emergency cricothyrotomy?

A

median cricothyroid ligament

30
Q

What mucosal folds bound the laryngeal inlet?

A

aryepiglottic folds

31
Q

What muscle abducts the larynx?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid m.

32
Q

What muscles adduct the larynx? (6)

A

lateral cricoarytenoid m., transverse and oblique arytenoid mm., aryepiglottic m., thyroarytenoid m., thyroepiglottic m.

33
Q

What muscle is a weak adductor, pulls epiglottis downward closing laryngeal inlet (during swallowing)

A

aryepiglottic m.

34
Q

What weak adductor m. also relaxes the vocal cords (pulls arytenoids anteriorly)?

A

thyroarytenoid m.

35
Q

Most of the blood is delivered by what artery (upper larynx)?

A

superior laryngeal a.

36
Q

What is the superior laryngeal a. a branch of?

A

superior thyroid a. from ECA

37
Q

Where does the lower larynx receive blood from?

A

inferior laryngeal a.

38
Q

What is the inferior laryngeal a. a branch off of?

A

inferior thyroid a. from thyrocervical trunk

39
Q

What innervates the mucosa over the vestibular folds (false) and the ventricle?

A

internal laryngeal n.

40
Q

What innervates the laryngeal vestibule mucosa?

A

internal laryngeal n.

41
Q

What innervates the mucosa of the infraglottic cavity?

A

inferior laryngeal n.

42
Q

What type of nerve is the internal laryngeal n., sensory/motor/mixed?

A

sensory to mucous membranes above vocal cords

43
Q

What type of nerve is the external laryngeal n., sensory/motor/mixed, and what does it innervate?

A

Motor - cricothyroid m. and inf. constrictor mm.

44
Q

What artery accompanies the external laryngeal n.?

A

sup. thyroid a.

45
Q

What type of nerve is the inferior laryngeal n., sensory/motor/mixed, and what does it innervate?

A

mixed: motor - all intrinsic m. of larynx except cricothyroid; sensory - below vocal cord

46
Q

How would a unilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal n. present?

A

hoarseness

47
Q

How would a bilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal n. present?

A

breathlessness

48
Q

What vein and artery must be avoided in a tracheostomy?

A

inferior thyroid veins, and thyroid ima a.

49
Q

In children, what organ must be avoided when performing a tracheostomy?

A

thymus

Gross Anatomy (25 decks)

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