4.3 Nasal Cavity and Pterygopalatine Fossa Flashcards
What empties into the inferior meatus?
nasolacrimal duct, channeling tears from the conjunctival sac
What empties into the hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus?
frontal sinus via the frontonasal duct, maxillary sinus, and anterior ethmoidal air cells
What empties onto the surface of the ethmoidal bulla in the middle meatus?
middle ethmoidal air cells
What empties into the superior meatus?
posterior group of ethmoidal air cells
What drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess (above the superior concha)?
sphenoidal sinus
What innervates the anterior and upper regions of the lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity?
general sensation from branches of the anterior ethmoidal n. (V1)
What innervates the lower and posterior portions of the walls of the nasal cavity?
maxillary n via branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion
The pterygopalatine ganglion hangs behind the ….
spheno-palatine foramen
What foramen does the nasopalatine n pass through?
incisive foramen
What supplies a portion of the mucosa lining the hard palate?
nasopalatine n. (V2)
The skin of the vestibule is supplied by a branch from the …
infraorbital n. (V2)
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal aa. are branches from what artery?
ophthalmic a.
What a. is a direct continuation of the maxillary a. after it leaves IFT?
sphenopalatine a.
Rupture of what branches commonly give rise to nosebleeds?
labial a. branches
What travels through the pterygopalatine fossa?
3rd segment of maxillary a., maxillary n., and autonomic nerve fibers (parasympathetics from CN VII, as well as sympathetics)
What are the anterior boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?
maxilla and maxillary sinus
What are the posterior boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?
pterygoid process of sphenoid, cranial cavity (foramen rotundum), nasopharynx (pharyngeal canal)
What are the lateral boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?
IFT (pterygomaxillary fissure)
What are the medial boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?
perpendicular plate of the palatine bone (sphenopalatine foramen), and nasal cavity
What are the superior boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?
greater wing of sphenoid bone (inferior orbital fissure)
What are the inferior boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?
pyramidal process of palatine bone, palate/oral cavity (palatine canal, and greater and lesser palatine foramina)
Where does CN V2 travel after exiting the cranial vault via foramen rotundum?
enters pterygopalatine fossa and gives off several branches
What does the greater palatine n. innervate?
palatal mucosa and palatal (lingual) gingiva posterior to the maxillary canines
What does the lesser palatine n. innervate?
mucous membranes and glands of soft palate, uvula and palatine tonsil
What does the nasopalatine n. (long sphenopalatine n.) innervate?
nasal septum and palatal mucosa anterior to the maxillary canines
What does the posterolateral nasal branches (short sphenopalatine n.) innervate?
mucous membrane of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
What does the pharyngeal branches innervate?
mucous membranes of sphenoidal sinus and nasopharynx
The zygomatic n. passes through the lateral wall of the orbit and communicates with the …
lacrimal n. CN V1
What type of fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion travel with the zygomatic n. to reach the lacrimal gland?
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers
What does the zygomaticofacial n. give sensory innervation to?
prominence of the cheek
What does the zygomaticotemporal n. give sensory innervation to?
skin of the anterior temple region
What nerve crosses the maxillary tuberosity?
posterior superior alveolar n.
Branches of the posterior superior alveolar n. after entering the maxillary sinus through the posterior superior alveolar foramina, descend to the roots of the maxillary molar teeth and form the …
superior alveolar plexus
Dental branches from the superior alveolar plexus supply the pulps of maxillary molars except …
MB root of 1st molar by MSA
What branches of the posterior superior alveolar n. do not enter the foramina, but instead travel inferiorly and anteriorly to supply the buccal (vestibular) gingiva?
Gingival branches of PSAn
What 2 sensory branches arise from the infraorbital n.?
middle and anterior superior alveolar nn.
If present the middle superior alveolar nn. sends branches to …(4)
premolars, MB root of 1st molar, maxillary sinus, buccal gingiva
The anterior superior alveolar nn. send branches to …(6)
incisors, canines, maxillary sinus, labial gingiva, nasal septum, lateral wall and floor of nasal cavity
The infraorbital n. exits onto the face via infraorbital foramen and divides into (3)?
inferior palpebral branches, lateral nasal branches, and superior labial branches
What suspend the pterygopalatine ganglion from the maxillary n.?
ganglionic branches
What fibers enter the pterygopalatine ganglion?
sensory branches from maxillary n. (V2) and nerve of the pterygoid canal (autonomic)
What 2 fiber types are found in the nerve of pterygoid canal?
postganglionic sympathetic fibers from deep petrosal n. and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve of CN VII
The deep petrosal nerve is formed from postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the …
carotid plexus (ICA)
The fibers from which nerve pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion without synapsing, they synapsed in the superior cervical ganglion?
deep petrosal nerve
What do the postganglionic sympathetic fibers of the deep petrosal n. innervate? (4)
lacrimal gland, mucosa of the nasal cavity, palate, and maxillary sinus
Where does the greater petrosal n. arise from?
parasympathetic branch of CN VII from superior salivatory nucleus
In the pterygoid canal what 2 nerves join together to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal
greater petrosal n. and deep petrosal n.
postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers exit the pterygopalatine ganglion and travel on branches of … to their targets.
V2
The greater petrosal n. fibers exit the cranial cavity as part of CNVII to enter the temporal bone via …
internal auditory meatus
The fibers of the greater petrosal n. branch anteriorly from CN VII in the facial canal of the temporal bone at the level of the …
geniculate ganglion
The greater petrosal n. exits the petrous portion of the temporal bone via hiatus of facial canal near …, and enters the pterygoid canal of sphenoid bone.
foramen lacerum
Where fibers synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion?
parasympathetic fibers from nerve of pterygoid canal (originally from greater petrosal n.)
Fibers from the nerve to the pterygoid exit the pterygopalatine ganglion and travel on branches of V2 to what targets? (5)
mucosa of hard and soft palate, nasal cavity, superior pharynx, maxillary sinus and the lacrimal gland
How do parasympathetics reach the lacrimal gland?
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel from the pterygopalatine ganglion via the maxillary n. and its zygomatic branch into the lateral aspect of the orbit. The fibers enter the lacrimal n. (V1) and synapse in the lacrimal gland.
What does the posterior superior alveolar a. supply?
pulps of molar and pm teeth, mucosal lining of maxillary sinus, and vestibular gingiva
What does the greater palatine a. supply?
mucosa of the hard palate posterior to the maxillary canine
What does the lesser palatine a. supply?
soft palate and palatine tonsil
The sphenopalatine a. passes medially through the sphenopalatine foramen at the …. before dividing into its 2 branches.
posterior end of the superior meatus
What branch of the sphenopalatine a. travels anteriorly to supply the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and portions of the maxillary, ethmoidal and sphenoidal air sinuses?
posterolateral branches
What a. and n. run in a groove on the vomer to the incisive canal?
nasopalatine a.
What artery does the nasopalatine a. anastomose with?
greater palatine a.
What does the infraorbital a. vascularize?
lower eyelid, lateral nose, and upper lip.
What does the artery of pterygoid canal supply?
superior pharynx, auditory tube, and middle ear
