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Gross Anatomy > 3.1 Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

3.1 Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN I?

A

Cribriform plate

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2
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN II?

A

Optic canal

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3
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN III?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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4
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN IV?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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5
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN V1?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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6
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN V2?

A

Foramen Rotundum

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7
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN V3?

A

Foramen Ovale

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8
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN VI?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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9
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN VII?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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10
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN VIII?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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11
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN IX?

A

Jugular Foramen

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12
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN X?

A

Jugular Foramen

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13
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN XI?

A

Jugular Foramen

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14
Q

What is the cranial exit of CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal canal

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15
Q

What is the origin of somatic motor fibers that innervate the skeletal muscles of the face and neck?

A

cranial nerve motor nuclei

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16
Q

What cranial nerves also have parasympathetic nuclei?

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

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17
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach their end organs by hitch-hiking along branches of what nerve?

A

CN V

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18
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN I?

A
  • Special sensory - Smell
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19
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN II?

A
  • Special sensory - Vision
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20
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN III?

A
  • Somatic motor:
    • Superior Div - SR, LPSE
    • Inferior Div - MR, IR, IO
  • Visceral motor - Sphincter pupillae and cilliaris mm
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21
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN IV?

A
  • Somatic motor - Superior oblique
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22
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN V1?

A
  • Somatic sensory - orbital and forehead regions
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23
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN V2?

A
  • Somatic sensory - Maxillary region
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24
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN V3?

A
  • Somatic sensory:
    • Mandibular region, anterior 2/3 tongue, external ear, and tympanic membrane
  • Somatic motor:
    • Mm of mastication: tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, ant belly digastric
25
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN VI?

A
  • Somatic motor - Lateral Rectus
26
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN VII?

A
  • Somatic motor
    • mm of facial expression:
      • Temporalis via temporal branches
      • Orbicularis Oculi via zygomatic
      • Platysma m via cervical branch
      • Buccinator m. via Buccal branches
      • Depressors of lower lip and angle of mouth via Marginal mandibular
    • Stylohyoid, post belly digastric, stapedius
  • Somatic sensory - External ear
  • Special sensory - Taste ant 2/3 tongue
    • Chorda tympani n.
  • Visceral motor - Submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal, palatal, and nasal glands
    • Greater petrosal n. –> n. of pterygoid canal
27
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN VIII?

A
  • Special Sensory:
    • Cochlear n. - hearing
    • Vestibular n. - balance
28
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN IX?

A
  • Somatic motor - Stylopharyngeus .
  • Visceral motor - Parotid gland via lesser petrosal n.
  • Visceral sensory - Carotid body (chemo) and sinus (baro)
  • Somatic sensory - External ear, posterior 1/3 tongue, pharynx, tympanic membrane
  • Special sensory - Taste post 1/3 tongue
29
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN X?

A
  • Somatic motor - Pharyngeal mm (EXCEPT stylopharyngeus), laryngeal mm, palatal mm (EXCEPT tensor veli palatini)
  • Visceral motor - Trachea, bronchi, heart cardiac m, digestive tract until left colic flexture
  • Visceral sensory - Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, digestive tract until left colic flexure
  • Somatic sensory - External ear
  • Special sensory - Taste from epiglottis
30
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN XI?

A
  • Somatic motor - SCM, trapezius
31
Q

What are the fiber type(s) of CN XII?

A
  • Somatic motor - intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (EXCEPT palatoglossus)
32
Q

Within the optic canal, the ophthalmic artery lays … to the optic nerve.

A

inferolateral

33
Q

Within the temporal bone, the Vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII) divides into what two parts?

A

Vestibular n. (balance) Cochlear n. (hearing)

34
Q

CN III sends somatic motor to all extra ocular mm. and the levator palpebrae superioris, except …

A

Lateral Rectus (VI) and Superior Oblique (IV)

35
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibers of CN III innervate?

A

Smooth muscular sphincter pupillae and ciliaris (size of pupil and lens accommodation)

36
Q

Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of CN III located?

A

Edinger Westfall (accessory oculomotor) nucleus

37
Q

After the synapse in the ciliary ganglion, how do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN III get to their target?

A

hitch-hike on a branch of CN V1

38
Q

What does CN IV supply?

A

Superior oblique m. (intorsion) from its superior aspect

39
Q

CN IV is unique in that it is the only cranial nerve to emerge … from the brainstem, it also decussates before doing so, so it supplies the contralateral muscle.

A

Dorsal

40
Q

Where do the cell bodies of CN IV originate?

A

trochlear nucleus of the pons

41
Q

What are the branches of CN V1?

A

Nasociliary n. Frontal n. Lacrimal n.

42
Q

What are the nerve branches of the frontal n. (V1)?

A

supratrochlear n. supraorbital n.

43
Q

What are the branches off of the nasociliary n. (CN V1)?

A

Long ciliary n. ganglionic branches to the ciliary ganglion ethmoid n. infratrochlear n.

44
Q

What is the path of the lacrimal n.?

A

Runs along the superior border of the lateral rectus muscles with the lacrimal artery, and supplies the lacrimal gland and adjoining conjunctiva.

45
Q

What are the branches of CN V2?

A
  • meningeal
  • ganglionic branches (sensory to pterygopalatine ganglion)
  • zygomatic n. (brings parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland)
  • superior alveolar n. (PSA, ASA)
  • nasal branches
  • greater and lesser palatine n.
46
Q

What are the branches of V3 from the nerve?

A
  • nerve to medial pterygoid (also supplies tensor tympani, and tensor veli palatini)
47
Q

What are the branches of V3 from the anterior trunk?

A
  • Long buccal n.
  • Motor branches to the muscles of mastication
48
Q

What are the branches of V3 from the posterior trunk?

A
  • Inferior alveolar n.
  • Lingual n. (sensory and taste of ant 2/3 tongue, taste from chorda tympani)
  • Auriculotemporal n. - pain from TMJ
49
Q

What does the lingual n. (CN V3) target?

A

sensory and taste of ant. 2/3 of the tongue, picks up taste fibers from chorda tympani n. (CN VII)

50
Q

What is the path of the auriculotemporal n. (CN V3)?

A

Circles the middle meningeal a. with postsynaptic fibers of CN IX to pass to the parotid gland. Transmits pain from TMJ

51
Q

What 2 nerves come together to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal?

A
  • Greater Petrosal (pre-gang. PSNS)
  • Deep Petrosal (post-gang. sym fibers from ICA plexus)
52
Q

What is the only motor branch of CN IX?

A

Nerve to Stylopharyngeus

53
Q

How do parasympathetic fibers travel to the parotid gland?

A
  • Tympanic n. to the tympanic plexus
  • Becomes the lesser petrosal n. to the otic ganglion
  • Joins CN V3 (auriculotemporal n.) to supply parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland
54
Q

What branches from the superior laryngeal n. branch of CN X?

A
  • Internal laryngeal n.
  • External laryngeal n.
55
Q

What is the function of the inferior laryngeal n.?

A
  • Pierces thyrohyoid membrane
  • Supplies larynx superior to the vocal cords
56
Q

What does the external laryngeal n. supply?

A
  • motor to the cricothyroid muscle of the larynx
57
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal n. (CN X) supply?

A
  • sensory to larynx inferior to the vocal cords
  • Motor to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
58
Q

What is the purpose of the cardiac branches of CN X?

A
  • act to slow the hear
  • constrict the coronary arteries
59
Q

What does the superior root of ansa cervicalis bring fibers from C1 to?

A

Geniohyoid

Thyrohyoid

Gross Anatomy (25 decks)

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