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Gross Anatomy > 2.6 Axilla > Flashcards

2.6 Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the axilla?

A

intertubercular groove of the humorous

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2
Q

What is the medial boundary of the axilla?

A

ribs, intercostal muscles and serrates anterior

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3
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the axilla?

A

subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres major

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4
Q

What is inclosed in the axillary sheath?

A

axillary vessels, axillary lymph nodes, and brachial plexus

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5
Q

Where does the transition between subclavian and axillary arteries begin?

A

lateral edge of the 1st rib

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6
Q

Axillary artery becomes the brachial artery as it passes the …

A

lower border of teres major muscle

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7
Q

The 1st segment of the axillary artery is … to the pectorals minor m.

A

proximal

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8
Q

The 2nd segment of the axillary artery is … to the pectorals minor m.

A

under (deep)

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9
Q

The 3rd segment of the axillary artery is … to the pectorals minor m.

A

lateral

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10
Q

What is the branch of the 1st segment of the axillary artery?

A

superior thoracic a.

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11
Q

Superior thoracic a. supplies muscles in…

A

the 1st two intercostal spaces

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12
Q

What are the 2 branches of the 2nd segment of the axillary artery?

A

thoracoacromial a (acromial, deltoid, pectoral) and lateral thoracic a.

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13
Q

What are the 3 branches of the 3rd segment of the axillary artery?

A

subscapular a (circumflex scapular a. and thoracodorsal a), post. humeral circumflex a. and ant. humeral circumflex

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14
Q

Where is the axillary vein in relation to the axillary artery?

A

superficial

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15
Q

The axillary vein is formed by the union of what 2 veins?

A

basilic and brachial vv.

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16
Q

The cephalic v lies in the deltopectoral groove and pierces the clavipectoral fascia to drain into the …

A

axillary v.

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17
Q

Deep lymphatics accompany the deep veins and terminate in the …

A

humeral (lateral) axillary lymph nodes

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18
Q

Superficial lymphatics enter in to what …

A

cubital lymph nodes or humeral (lateral) axillary lymph nodes

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19
Q

superficial lymphatics of accompanying the cephalic vein drain to the …

A

apical axillary lymph nodes

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20
Q

Lymphatics from the anterior chest wall and breast drain into which axillary lymph nodes?

A

pectoral (anterior) axillary lymph nodes

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21
Q

Lymphatics from the upper back and shoulder drain into which axillary lymph nodes?

A

subscapular (posterior) axillary lymph nodes

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22
Q

inflammation of axillary lymph nodes may cause pain as in …

A

lymphangitis

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23
Q

Following resection of metastatic nodes severe… may result due to lack of appropriate lymphatic return in upper limb

A

lymphedema

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24
Q

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves supplying what innervation to the upper extremity?

A

somatic sensory, somatic motor, and sympathetic

25
Q

The brachial plexus is formed by the union of …

A

ventral primary rami of C5-T1

26
Q

Roots are the ventral rami emerging from the spinal cord and located between what muscles?

A

anterior and middle scalene mm.

27
Q

What are the 2 nerves coming of the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

dorsal scapular n. and long thoracic n.

28
Q

What is the path of innervation of the dorsal scapular n?

A

C5 to rhomboid muscles and elevator scapulae m.

29
Q

What is the path of innervation of the long thoracic n?

A

C5-C7 to serrates ant. m.

30
Q

What are the named branches of the Superior Trunk?

A

suprascapular n and nerve to subclavius

31
Q

What Roots form the superior trunk?

A

C5 and C6 roots

32
Q

What is the path of innervation of the suprascapular n?

A

C5 and C6 to supraspinatus and infraspinatus mm

33
Q

What is the path of innervation of the nerve to subclavius?

A

C5 to subclavius m

34
Q

What root(s) form the middle trunk?

A

C7 root

35
Q

What root(s) form the inferior trunk?

A

C8 and T1 roots

36
Q

Each Trunk divides into anterior and posterior Divisions, located …, which unite to form Cords

A

posterior to the clavicle

37
Q

The Medial Cord is formed by …division of … trunk; 5 named branches

A

anterior division of the inferior trunk

38
Q

What are the 5 named branches of the Medial Cord?

A

medial pectoral n, medial brachial cutaneous n, medial ante brachial cutaneous n, ulnar n, and median n

39
Q

What is the path of innervation of the medial pectoral n?

A

C5-T1 to pectoral m

40
Q

What is the path of innervation of the medial brachial cutaneous n?

A

C8-T1 SENSORY to medial side of arm

41
Q

What is the path of innervation of the medial ante brachial cutaneous n?

A

C8-T1 SENSORY to medial side of forearm

42
Q

What is the path of innervation of the ulnar n?

A

C7-T1 hand innervation

43
Q

What is the path of innervation of the median n?

A

C5-T1 MOTOR innervation to hand flexors

44
Q

What forms the Posterior Cord?

A

posterior divisions of ALL trunks

45
Q

What are the 5 named branches of the Posterior Cord?

A

upper subscapular n, thoracodorsal n (middle subscapular n), lower subscapular n, axillary n, and radial n

46
Q

What is the path of innervation of the upper subscapular n?

A

C5-C6 to upper portion of subscapularis m

47
Q

What is the path of innervation of the thoracodorsal n (middle subscapular n)?

A

C7-C8 to latissimus dorsi m

48
Q

What is the path of innervation of the lower subscapular n?

A

C5-C6 to lower portion of subscapularis m

49
Q

What is the path of innervation of the axillary n?

A

C5-C6 to deltoid and teres minor mm and sensory to lateral upper arm

50
Q

What is the path of innervation of the radial n?

A

C5-T1 to brachial and antebrachial mm; hand extensors

51
Q

What forms the Lateral Cord?

A

anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks

52
Q

What are the 2 named branches of the Lateral Cord?

A

Lateral pectoral n and musculocutaneous n

53
Q

What is the path of innervation of the lateral pectoral n?

A

C5-C7 to pectoralis major m

54
Q

What is the path of innervation of the musculocutaneous n?

A

C5-C7 to coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachial mm

55
Q

What are the 5 terminal portions making major branches?

A

Musculocutaneous n, median n, axillary n, radial n, ulnar n.

56
Q

Injuries to the superior part of the plexus (C5-C6) result in …

A

shoulder/arm paralysis (Erb-Duchenne palsy)

57
Q

Erb-Duchenne palsy (shoulder/arm paralysis) yields the upper limb with …

A

an adducted shoulder, medially rotated arm and extended elbow

58
Q

Injuries to the inferior part of the plexus (C8-T1) results in …

A

forearm/hand paralysis (Klumpke paralysis/claw hand)

Gross Anatomy (25 decks)

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