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Gross Anatomy > 2.4 Posterior Abdominal Wall and Overview of the Pelvis > Flashcards

2.4 Posterior Abdominal Wall and Overview of the Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

duodenum, pancreas, colon (portions)

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2
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the retroperitoneal space formed by?

A

parietal peritoneum

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3
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the retroperitoneal space formed by?

A

transversals fascia

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4
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the retroperitoneal space formed by?

A

thoracolumbar fascia and psoas fascia

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5
Q

What does renal fascia surround?

A

suprarenal glands, kidneys, ureters, major vessels, fat

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6
Q

Suprarenal glands are endocrine, and buried in …

A

perinephric fat

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7
Q

Outer cortex of suprarenal glands is?

A

endocrine

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8
Q

Where is the left kidney located?

A

11th & 12th ribs slightly superior to level of R kidney

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9
Q

Where is the right kidney located?

A

12th rib

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10
Q

Fat-filled … continuous (through hilum) with perirenal space

A

renal sinus

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11
Q

The large renal a. divides into …

A

segmental aa (five)

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12
Q

Between renal column are dark patches of … responsible for concentrating?

A

renal medulla (pyramids)

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13
Q

Collecting ducts in medulla merge at …

A

tip of pyramid (renal papilla)

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14
Q

What is the order of drainage following renal papilla?

A

minor calyces, major calyces (smaller #), renal pelvis, ureter

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15
Q

ureters course along …, and cross …, entering the posterolateral wall of bladder

A

lumbar vertebrae; external iliac arteries

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16
Q

… branch directly from aorta at the level of SMA.

A

renal arteries

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17
Q

Suprarenal glands supplied by …

A

3 sets of suprarenal arteries

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18
Q

Congenital compression of the L renal vein between SMA and aorta; can cause renal hypertension, swelling and pain in gonads (L gonadal v into L renal v)

A

Nutcracker syndrome

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19
Q

Lymphatics of kidneys drain into what lymph nodes and then into cisterna chyli?

A

Lumbar lymph nodes

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20
Q

Suprarenal glands function as modified …

A

sympathetic ganglia

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21
Q

Suprarenal plexus (preganglionic sympathetic fibers) derived from …

A

thoracic splanchnic nn and celiac ganglion

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22
Q

The renal plexus to the kidneys is derived from …

A

Least splanchnic n (via aorticorenal ganglia) and posterior vagal trunk

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23
Q

visceral afferents from kidneys (kidney stones) follow what spinal segments?

A

T11-L2

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24
Q

Sensory innervation from kidneys to what spinal levels?

A

T11-12

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25
Q

Sensory innervation from ureters to what spinal levels?

A

T12-L2

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26
Q

What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum m?

A

iliac crest

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27
Q

What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum m?

A

12th rib, L1-L4

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28
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum m?

A

ventral rami of T12, L1-L4

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29
Q

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum m?

A

lateral bending of trunk

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30
Q

What is the origin of the Psoas major m?

A

Transverse processes/bodies of T12-L5

31
Q

What is the insertion of the Psoas major m?

A

lesser trochanter of femur (as ilipsoas m)

32
Q

What is the action of the Psoas major m?

A

Hip - flexion/ lateral rotation

Trunk - lateral bending/flexion

33
Q

What is the innervation of the Psoas major m?

A

lumbar plexus branches (ventral rami L2-L4)

34
Q

What is the origin of the Iliacus m?

A

iliac fossa

35
Q

What is the insertion of the Iliacus m?

A

lesser trochanter of femur (as ilipsoas m)

36
Q

What is the innervation of the Iliacus m?

A

femoral N (L2-L4)

37
Q

What is the action of the Iliacus m?

A

hip - flexion/ lateral rotation

38
Q

The iliopsoas m is formed from the merging of the iliacus m and the posts major m, where?

A

under inguinal ligament

39
Q

What is the origin of the Psoas minor m?

A

body of T12-L1

40
Q

What is the insertion of the Psoas minor m?

A

iliopectineal arch

41
Q

What is the innervation of the Psoas minor m?

A

lumbar plexus branches (L2-L4)

42
Q

What is the action of the Psoas minor m?

A

flexes trunk (weak)

43
Q

What is the origin of the diaphragm?

A

ribs 7-12, costal cartilages, xiphoid, bodies of L1-L3 (crura)

44
Q

What is the insertion of the diaphragm?

A

central tendon (aponeurotic)

45
Q

What is the innervation of the diaphragm?

A

phrenic N (C3-C5)

46
Q

The caval foramen (IVC) passes through the diaphragm at what level?

47
Q

The esophageal hiatus (esophagus and vagal trunks) passes through the diaphragm at what level?

48
Q

The Aortic hiatus (aorta and thoracic duct) passes through the diaphragm at what level?

49
Q

Lymphatics of the posterior abdominal wall at what level, drains superiorly to form thoracic duct?

50
Q

Most pelvic organs are sub peritoneal except…

A

superior 1/3 of rectum, and body of uterus

51
Q

The rectum is distal to the sigmoid colon at what level?

52
Q

The ovaries are anchored to the lateral body of the uterus by tough …

A

ovarian ligament

53
Q

ovarian vessels are covered by …

A

parietal peritoneum

54
Q

Oocyte expelled into … at ovulation.

A

peritoneal cavity

55
Q

The … of the infundibulum, extend to envelop (but not connect) ovary, sweep oocyte into tube

56
Q

Where is the typical site of fertilization of oocyte by spermatozoan?

A

ampulla of uterine tubes

57
Q

What is the portion of the uterine tubes that are attached to the uterus?

58
Q

What part of the uterus is not intraperitoneal?

A

cervix and part of the isthmus

59
Q

Uterus anchored anterolaterally to body wall by

A

round ligament of the uterus

60
Q

the round ligament of uterus passes through the inguinal canal, and blends with tissue of …

A

labia majora

61
Q

Cervix extends inferiorly into deep portion of vaginal canal, creates a ring-shaped pocket called …

A

vaginal fornix

62
Q

The female urethra lacks …

A

internal sphincter

63
Q

The testes are packed with tiny seminiferous tubules, which all merge at head of …

A

epididymis

64
Q

What is the site of maturation of spermatozoa?

A

epididymis

65
Q

The body of epididymis tapers to the tail - single convoluted tube which becomes …

A

ductus deferens

66
Q

muscular tube which conducts spermatozoa from testes to urethra during ejaculation

A

ductus (vas) deferens

67
Q

ductus (vas) deferens ascends through … to reenter abdominopelvic cavity

A

spermatic cord

68
Q

Each vas merges with a … to form ejaculatory duct at posterior superior margin of prostate

A

seminal vesical

69
Q

First portion of urethra passes through

A

prostate (prostatic urethra)

70
Q

What lobe of the prostate, often enlarges, and is in very close proximity to anterior wall of rectum, can be easily palpated during rectal exam. Also where the ejaculatory ducts meet to transmit spermatozoa and much of seminal fluid.

A

posterior lobe of prostate

71
Q

What closes at the proximal-most portion of urethra at neck of urinary bladder; prevents back flow of semen into bladder during ejaculation?

A

internal urethral sphincter

72
Q

What region of the male urethra is a very short portion passing through pelvic floor and contains external urethral sphincter?

A

membranous urethra

73
Q

What region of the male urethra is the longest, distal portion, and passes through erectile tissue within penis?

A

spongy (penile) urethra

Gross Anatomy (25 decks)

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