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Gross Anatomy > 3.2 Orbit > Flashcards

3.2 Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the orbit are generally the thinest and present significant clinical threat of becoming fractured or eroded in persistent infection?

A

medial wall & floor

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2
Q

Fluid (tears) is drained from the medial corner of the eye through a small opening or … on the medial aspect of each eyelid.

A

punctum

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3
Q

Fluid (tears) are drained from the puncture into the … that opens into the nasal cavity?

A

nasolacrimal duct

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4
Q

The nasolacrimal duct opens into the nasal cavity under the … on the lateral wall.

A

inferior concha

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5
Q

Each eyelid contains a semilunar plate of dense CT called a …

A

tarsal plate

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6
Q

Embedded in each plate are a number of … that secrete a fatty substance keeping the lids from sticking together when closed.

A

tarsal glands

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7
Q

The tarsal plates are anchored to the orbital margin by …

A

medial and lateral palpebral ligaments

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8
Q

Voluntary (skeletal) muscle that raises the upper eyelid.

A

levator palpeerde superioris

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9
Q

In it’s raised position, an involuntary SM is responsible for the “tone” of the eyelid. (eyelid should rest just above the iris of the eye)

A

superior tarsal muscle (Mueller’s)

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10
Q

The superior tarsal muscle is innervated by … that travel with the frontal nerve

A

sympathetic fibers

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11
Q

A lesion of the SNS - superior cervical ganglion (Horner’s syndrome) causes

A

partial ptosis (drooping of the eyelid)

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12
Q

What are the eye abductor muscles?

A

Lateral rectus (obliques)

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13
Q

What are the eye adductor muscles?

A

Medial rectus (Superior and Inferior recti)

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14
Q

What are the eye elevator muscles?

A

Superior rectus, Inferior oblique

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15
Q

What are the eye depressor muscles?

A

Inferior rectus, Superior oblique

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16
Q

What are the eye intortion muscles?

A

Superior oblique (Superior rectus)

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17
Q

What are the eye extortion muscles?

A

Inferior oblique (Inferior rectus)

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18
Q

How should the pt look to test SR?

A

abduct and look up

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19
Q

How should the pt look to test IR?

A

abduct and look down

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20
Q

How should the pt look to test SO?

A

adduct and look down

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21
Q

How should the pt look to test IO?

A

adduct and look up

22
Q

The external fibrous layer of the eye is composed of the posterior 5/6 which is … and the anterior 1/6 which is …

A

sclera (white of eye) and cornea

23
Q

A contractile diaphragm anterior ro the lens in the middle vascular layer of the eyeball.

A

iris

24
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the iris?

A

sphincter papillae and dilator pupillae

25
Q

What is the principle blood supply to the orbit?

A

ophthalmic artery

26
Q

The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the …

A

internal carotid artery

27
Q

What is the relationship of the ophthalmic a. and the optic n. in the optic canal?

A

Ophthalmic artery travels superior to the optic nerve (army over navy)

28
Q

The ophthalmic a. passes anteriorly toward the … wall of the orbit.

A

medial wall

29
Q

The sup. and inf. ophthalmic veins exit the orbit via the…

A

superior orbital fissure

30
Q

The sup. and inf. ophthalmic veins empty into the …

A

cavernous sinus

31
Q

The sup and inf. ophthalmic veins originate in the anterior aspect of the orbit, as connecting veins from the …

A

supraorbital and angular veins

32
Q

The frontal nerve is the largest of the V1 branches and lies on top of …

A

levator palpeerde superioris .

33
Q

The frontal n. divides into 2 nerves, the lateral being … and the medial is …

A

supra-orbital n. and supratrochlear n.

34
Q

What is the the lateral branch of V1?

A

lacrimal n.

35
Q

What is the medial branch of V1?

A

nasociliary n.

36
Q

What are branches of the nasociliary n. that convey sinus pain?

A

ant. and post. ethmoidal nn.

37
Q

A branch of the nasociliary n. the long ciliary nn. has what function?

A

sensory innervation of the iris and cornea

38
Q

Sympathetics hitchhike on the long ciliary nn. to innervate the …

A

dilator pupillae m.

39
Q

What branch of the nasociliary n. originates and passes through the ciliary ganglion without synapsing?

A

Short ciliary nn.

40
Q

The superior division of the Oculomotor n. (CN III), provides motor innervation for …

A

levator palpeerde superioris, superior rectus

41
Q

The inferior division of the Oculomotor n. (CN III), provides motor innervation for …

A

medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique

42
Q

The preganlionic parasympathetic fibers travel via … of CN III, and synapse in …

A

inferior division, ciliary ganglion

43
Q

Postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers travel via …

A

short ciliary nn.

44
Q

Parasympathetics of the short ciliary nn. supply the … that regulates tension on lens for focusing.

A

sphincter papillae and ciliaris m.

45
Q

What are the symptoms of Oculomotor (CN III) Palsy?

A

Down and outward glaze (SO and LR only not effected), dilated (no sphincter papillae), and Ptosis (no LPS)

46
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers travel from … to the orbit, via 2 pathways, short and long ciliary nn.

A

internal carotid plexus

47
Q

The lacrimal gland is innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

Facial (CN VII)

48
Q

What gives motor innervation to Superior Oblique muscle?

A

Trochlear (CN IV)

49
Q

What are the symptoms of Trochlear (CN IV) Palsy?

A

Extortion (outward rotation) of the affected eye due to unopposed IO, which causes diplopia, the pt may tilt head to manually introit the eye

50
Q

What are the symptoms of Abducens (CN VI) Palsy?

A

at rest the eye is adducted (since LR can’t abduct); when asked to gaze to one side the affected eye can’t abduct

Gross Anatomy (25 decks)

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