4.4 Flashcards
the HACEK group cause
○ Causes of bacterial endocarditis
§ Not as commonly as viridans streptococci and S aureus
§ Culture negative - wont grow readily in the lab
H
haemophilus aphrophilus and H paraphrophilus
A
actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
C
cardiobacterium hominis
E
eikenella corrodens
K
kingella kingae
HACEK group commensals of
the human oropharynx
1 species of genus pastuerella
pastuerella multocida
pastuerella multocida commensal of
§ Part of the normal flora of the mouths of cats and dogs
pastuerella multocida causing infection
§ May cause severe infection of the skin and soft tissue following a bite from cats and dogs
§ Infections may involve such as tendons, joints and bone
1 species genus bordetella
bordetella pertusis
bortedella pertusis morphology
§ Small gram negative coccobacillus
cause of whooping cough
bordetella pertussis
whooping cough
□ Potentially serious respiratory tract illness
□ Infected children, particularly those under 6 months, suffer significant morbidity from this infection
□ Highly infections
□ Transmitted by aerosol route
□ Highly fastidious and difficult to cultivate in the lab
prior to vaccine whooping cough was seen mostly in
® Most cases seen in children <10
now whooping cough is seen mostly in
® Most disease is seen in older primary school children and middle aged adults
3 phases of whooping cough
- catarrhal phase
- paroxysmal phase
- convalescent phase
Catarrhal phase of whooping cough
- Catarrhal phase - several days of mild cough and runny nose
paroxysmal phase of whooping cough
2-6 weeks; persistant severe cough occuring in attacks which impair breathing, gagging and cyanosis may occur; attacks followed by desperate indrawing of breath resulting in whooping sound, vomiting may follow
complications of paroxysmal phase of whooping cought
} Apnoea
} Pneumonia - primary or secondary
} Weight loss due to feeding difficulties
} Pneumothroax
} Haemorrhage - epistaxis, subconjunctival haemorrhage, subdural hematoma
} rectal prolapse
} Rib fracture
} Death
convalescent phase of whooping cough
gradually decreasing cough over weeks to months
genus brucella morphology
○ Gram negative coccobacilli with fastidious growth requirements
genus brucella spread to humans by
○ Pathogens of animals and are spread to humans by contact with sheep, cattle, goats, pigs and sometimes dogs, their products, or consumption with infected milk or cheese
genus brucella found in
○ Uncommon in developed contries
○ Problem for human and livestock in underdeveloped countries
