4, 4.1 Flashcards
3 beta lactamase producing gram negative rods
- ESBLs - extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases
- AmpC beta lactamases
- Carbapenemases
- Helical rods
○ Genus helicobacter
○ Genus campylobacter
Curved, comma shaped
○ Genus vibrio
12 enterobacteriaceae
Escherichia Proteus Citrobacter Providencia Edwardsiella Serratia Enterobacter Salmonella Shigella Klebsiella Morganella Yersinia
3 qualities of enterobacteriaceae
- Ferments glucose
- They are negative in the oxidase test
- They are nitrate positive
5 disease associations of enterobacteriaceae
UTI antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections diarrhoeal illness typhoid fever plague
cystitis
Bladder infections
pylonephritis
Kidney infections
2 types of UTI
○ Bladder infections - cystitis
○ Kidney infections - pylonephritis
UTIs result from
○ Result from bacteria of bowel origin gaining access to the distal urethra and ascending the urinary tract
enterobacteriaceae are commensals of
the human bowel
uropathogenic strains of enterobacteriaceae
§ Posses virulence factors which enable them to colonise the urethra and survive in the urinary tract
second most common cause of UTIs in the community
§ Proteus mirabilis is the second most common cause of UTIs in the community
debilitated patients susceptible to antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections
§ Intravenous catheters - breach the skin
§ Endotracheal tubes - bypass the defences of the upper airways
§ Urinary catheters - bypass the defences of the urinary tract
§ Surgery - with or without foreign devices left in place, breaches the skin and exposes normally sterile body sites
6 genera of antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections
§ Enterobacter § Serratia § Klebsiella § Proteus § Morganella § Providencia
types of hospital antibiotic resistant infections
§ Pneumonia - often associated with mechanical ventilator use
§ UTI - often associated with catheterisation if the urethra and bladder
§ Blood stream infections - often associated with intravenous cannulas
§ Surgical wound infections
§ Orthopaedic infections
EHEC
enterohaemorrhagic E coli
EPEC
Enteropathogenic E coli
EIEC
Enteroinvasive E coli
ETEC
Enterotoxigenic E coli
□ Travelers diarrhea
§ EaggEC -
Enteroaggregative E coli
strains of eschericia coli causing diarrhoeal illness
§ Produce diarrhoea by different mechanisms and the appearance of the faeces may give a clue as to the cause
species that infects lymph nodes within the mesentery, producing a pain which can mimic appendicitis in diarrhoea illness
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Yersinia enterocolitica
produces diarrhoeal illness
§ Also infects lymph nodes within the mesentery, producing a pain which can mimic appendicitis
