11, 11.1, 11.2 - Mycology

Question 1

fungal disease are called

Answer 1

mycoses

Question 2

dimorphic fungi

Answer 2

can exist as moulds or yeast

Question 3

hyphae

Answer 3

characteristic structure of moulds

elongated filaments which may branch

Question 4

mycelium

Answer 4

network of hyphae

Question 5

yeast form

Answer 5

unicellular

spherical or egg shaped

Question 6

Candida albicans causes

Answer 6

colonises mucous membranes
causes opportunistic, mucocutaneous disease
can result in more significant mucocutaneous disease or deep seated, systemic disease with high mortality

Question 7

superficial mycoses

Answer 7

pityriasis versicolor
white piedra
black piedra

Question 8

cutaneous mycoses

Answer 8

dermatophytosis (ringworm, tinea)

mucocutaneous candidiasis

Question 9

pityriasis versicolor

Answer 9

no living tissue invaded

no inflammation

Question 10

tinea

Answer 10

no living tissue invaded

inflammatory response in living epidermis

Question 11

candiasis

Answer 11

invasion of living part of epidermis or mucosa, with inflammation

Question 12

pityriasis versicolor caused by

Answer 12

malassezia furfur

asymptomatic cosmetic appearance

Question 13

piedra

Answer 13

superficial infection of hair shafts

Question 14

dermatophytosis

Answer 14

tinea or ringworm 
cutaneous mycosis 
caused by dermatophytes 
- trichophyton 
- Microsporum 
- Epidermophyton floccosum

Question 15

dermatophytosis may affect

Answer 15

skin or nails

Question 16

tinea circinata

Answer 16

classic appearance of dermatophytosis

dry scaly skin in the centre and raised, inflamed spreading margin

Question 17

when dermatophytosis affects the nails it is called

Answer 17

tinea unguium

a form of onchomycosis

Question 18

onchomycosis

Answer 18

fungal nail infection

Question 19

candidiasis caused by

Answer 19

candida

Question 20

candida species exist mainly in form

Answer 20

yeast

Question 21

candida reproduce by

Answer 21

budding

Question 22

most common candida

Answer 22

Candida albicans

Question 23

11 pathogenic candidas

Answer 23

albicans 
glabrata 
auris
dublinensis
guilliermondii
pseudotropicalis 
krusei 
lusitaneae 
parapsilosis 
rugosa 
tropicalis

Question 24

candida usually causes infection in those with

Answer 24

compromised immunity 
such as 
- antibiotic use 
- changes in hormones
- general debility
- diabetes
- immunosuppressive drugs 
- AIDS

Question 25

mucocutaneous candiasis occurs in areas of the body such as

Answer 25

nappy area valva and mucous membrane of the vagina sweaty, intertriginous areas of the skin, eg. beneath breasts moist areas

Question 26

candidiasis on mucous membranes produces

Answer 26

discharge which is milky white, thick with curd like chunks, inflamed, swollen mucosa, painful and itchy

Question 27

features of subcutaneous mycoses causing fungi

Answer 27

often soil fungi | introduced to the skin my trauma

Question 28

subcutaneous infections are typically

Answer 28

chronic and rarely become systemic

Question 29

types of subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 29

- mycetoma - sporotrichosis - chromoblastomycosis - pheohyphomycosis

Question 30

fungal mycetomas are called

Answer 30

mycotic mycetomas, eumycetomas, eumycotic mycetomas or maduromycosis

Question 31

bacterial mycetoma are called

Answer 31

actinomycotic mycetomas

Question 32

clinical triad for fungal mycetoma

Answer 32

1. tumefaction - tumour like swelling 2. draining sinuses - pus or serosanguinous fluid 3. granules - small collections of mycelial in concrete matrix

Question 33

most common fungal cause of mycetoma

Answer 33

madurella genus

Question 34

sporotrichosis found in

Answer 34

unfrequently found in Australia | often misdiagnosed as staph infection

Question 35

sporotrichosis symptoms

Answer 35

1. small papule on the periphery at the site of foreign body trauma 2. gradual development of an enlarging, non-healing ulcer 3. appearance of pus filled red swellings moving up the limb (following lymphatic vessels) 4. these swellings may discharge pus 5. the infection progresses over a number of months if untreated, and gradually heals

Question 36

sporotrichosis is caused by

Answer 36

sporothrix schenckii OR some other fungi, bacteria including nocardia, and mycobacterium marinum

Question 37

chromoblastomycosis clinical features

Answer 37

scaly nodule at the site of inoculation scaly whitish plaque thats reaps slowly becomes raised and warty over time may develop into cauliflower like region

Question 38

pheohyphomycosis

Answer 38

typical in the normal. host in the cystic form | in the immunocompromised, infection may involve the paranasal sinuses or the brain