4.2

Question 1

nonfermentative GNR

Answer 1

• Don’t utilise glucose by fermentative biochemical pathways

Question 2

4 genus of non fermentative gram negative rods

Answer 2

pseudomonas
stentrophomonas
burkholderia
acinetobacter

Question 3

1 species of pseudomonas

Answer 3

pseudomonas aeruginosa (most commonly encountered)

Question 4

pseudomonas aeruginosa found in

Answer 4

□ Most commonly encountered

□ Favours aquatic and moist environments

Question 5

pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

Answer 5

hospital acquired

swimmers ear

Question 6

pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance

Answer 6

□ Inherently resistant to antibiotics, more so than strains found in hospitals

Question 7

hospital acquired infection with pseudomonas aeruginoa may lead to

Answer 7

septicaemia

Question 8

□ Hospital acquired infections with pseudomonas auruginosa may include

Answer 8

® UTI, particularly associated with indwelling urinary catheters
® Pneumonia, particularly in the intensive care setting
infection of burns wounds
coloniser of other wounds

Question 9

pseudomonas auruginosa pneumonia

Answer 9

hospital acquired

◊ May be complicated by septicaemia and systemic infection

Question 10

® Infection of burns wounds with pseudomonas auruginosa

Answer 10

◊ Most common bacterium infecting burns
◊ Delays healing, increases scarring
◊ May lead to septicaemia and systemic infection
◊ Pus may be green tinged due to pigments produced by this bacterium

Question 11

pus of burns wounds infected with pseudomonas auruginosa

Answer 11

may be green tinged due to pigments produced by this bacterium

Question 12

pseudomonas auruginosa colonising wounds

Answer 12

◊ Leg and foot ulcers from where It may become invasive

Question 13

□ Swimmers ear caused by

Answer 13

pseudomonas auruginosa

Question 14

swimmers ear

Answer 14

® Otitis externa

® External ear canal

Question 15

□ Oxidase positive result means

Answer 15

® Not enterobacteriaceae

® May be pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 16

the oxidase test detects the presence of

Answer 16

cytochrome oxidase

Question 17

cytochrome oxidase is

Answer 17

◊ An enzyme in the electron transport chain of some bacteria but not others

Question 18

oxidase test process

Answer 18

◊ In the test, a colourless compound takes place of oxygen in the real chemical reaction, and when this is reduced it becomes blue
◊ A piece of filter paper is impregnanted with an aqueous solution of the colourless compound
◊ A small portion of the bacterial colony is lifted from the agar with a wooden toothpcik and smeared onto the filter paper

Question 19

positive oxidase test result appearance

Answer 19

◊ If cytochrome oxidase is present in the bacteria, the filter paper turns blue in this area and the test is positive

Question 20

most commonly encountered pathogen of stenotrophomonas

Answer 20

stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Question 21

stenotrophomonas maltophilia behaves similar to

Answer 21

pseudomonas auruginosa

Question 22

strenotrophomoas maltophilia colonises

Answer 22

may colonise hospital patients

Question 23

hospital infection in debilitated patients with stenotrphomonas maltophilia

Answer 23

® Lower respiratory tract infections
® UTIs
® Surgical infections
® Septicaemia (particularly in neutropaenic camcer patients

Question 24

stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Answer 24

resistant to many antibiotics

Question 25

1 species of burkholderia

Answer 25

burkhoderia pseudomallei

Question 26

§ Burkholderia pseudomallei

Answer 26

□ Soil and aquatic bacterium

□ Causes the tropical infection melioidosis

Question 27

melioidosis caused by

Answer 27

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Question 28

melioidosis found in

Answer 28

(SE Asia, Northern Australia)

Question 29

melioidosis

Answer 29

® Severe pneumonia
® Soft tissue abscesses (introduced through breaks in the skin)
® Septicaemia; high fatality
® Very resistant to antibiotics

Question 30

genus acinetobacter

Answer 30

§ Ubiquitous in the environment and may be colonisers of humans
§ Hospital strains are resistant to antibiotics

Question 31

acinitobacter disease

Answer 31

nosocomial infections of immunocompromised

community acquired pneumonia

Question 32

nosocomial infections of immunocompromised patients with acinetobacter

Answer 32

• Pneumonia
  - Intravenous catherter related bacteraemia
  - UTI

Question 33

community acquired pneumonia with acinetobacter found in

Answer 33

north and central Australia

Question 34

community acquired pneumonia with acinetobacter associated with

Answer 34

• Smoking
  - Alcoholism
  - Chronic obstructuve pulmonary disease
  - Diabetes