4.3-classification and evoluion Flashcards
What is taxonomy ?
Classification using physical similarities between different species.
What is phylogeny?
Classification using evolutionary relationships, so that each group shares a common ancestor.
Why do we classify living things ?
- convenience
- to make the study of living things more manageable
- to make it easier to identify organisms
- to help us see the relationships between species
What are the 8 taxonomic levels ?
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What are the 5 kingdoms ?
Plantae Animalia Fungi Protoctista Prokaryotae
What are the 3 domains ?
Archaea
Eubacteria
Eukaryotae
Why does using a common name not work well?
1) Same organism may have completely different common name in different parts of 1 country
2) different common names are used in different countries
3) translation of languages or dialects any give different names
4) same common name could be used for different species in other parts of the world
What is the binomial system of naming organisms ?
A system that uses the genus name and the species name to avoid confusion when naming organisms.
what are the features of prokaryotae ?
- no nucleus
- a loop of dna- no chromosomes
- naked dna- no histone proteins
- no membrane bound organelles
- smaller ribosomes
- smaller cells than eukaryotes
- may be free living or parasitic
What are the features of protoctista ?
- eukaryotic
- mostly single celled (exception=algae)
- show a wide variety of forms
- the only thing they have in common is that they don’t qualify to belong in any of the 4 kingdoms
What are the features of fungi ?
- eukaryotic
- can exist as single cells (yeasts) or they have a mycelium that consists of hyphae
- chitin walls
- multinucleate nucleus
- mostly saprophytic
What does saprophytic mean ?
Cause decay of organic matter
What are the features of plantae ?
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- cellulose cell wall
- autotrophic
- contain chlorophyll
What does autotrophic mean ?
Absorb simple molecules and build them into larger organic molecules
What are the features of animalia ?
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- heterotrophic
What does heterotrophic mean?
Digest large organic molecules to form smaller molecules for absorption