3.2-transport in animals :) Flashcards
What is the structure of cardiac muscle ?
Fibres that branch, producing cross bridges. Numerous mitochondria between myofibrils (muscle fibrils) to supply energy for contraction.
Muscle cells separated by intercolated discs which facilitate synchronised contraction.
what is haemolymph?
like blood but for invertebrates
what fluid is responsible for gas exchange in insects?
tracheal fluid
why do well developed animals need a transport system (MS)?
high metabolic rate need rapid o2 supply diffusion not sufficient alone maintain steep conc gradient SA:V ratio usually low nutrients needed by CELLS waste removed from CELLs
where does the fetus get its oxygen from?
the placenta.
how does shit go through the capillaries into tissue fluid? (MS)
fit / move / pass, between (endothelium) cells OR
through, gaps / pores / fenestrations
capillary walls are leaky/permeable
literally all of these are ignored on different mss so say them all
what happens when haemoglobin binds to oxygen?
OXYHAEMOGLOBIN is formed.
what happens when carbon dioxide binds to haemoglobin?
CARBAMINOHAEMOGLOBIN is formed.
explain the bohr effect. (a long one soz)
high co2 conc reduces affinity (of Hb) for oxygen ;
formation of haemoglobinic acid / hydrogen ions interact with haemoglobin ;
prevents, fall in pH / build-up of H+, in cells
OR provides buffering effect ;
alter, structure / shape, of haemoglobin ;
more oxygen released where, needed / more
respiration / carbon dioxide concentration high ;
CO2 binds to haemoglobin forming
carbaminohaemoglobin.
what is meant by the term health apparently?
1) absence of a disease
2) physical and mental wellbeing
why is cartilage essential in the trachea?
holds it open
during inspiration the volume of the thorax increases so there’s a lower pressure in the trachea - if cartilage wasn’t there it would collapse.
