4.2.2 Flashcards
What are complex low vision aids (LVAs) suited for?
Patients whose vision cannot be adequately improved with simple magnifiers or standard optical corrections.
List the conditions that may lead to severe visual impairment.
- Advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
- Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Glaucoma
- Optic neuropathies
What factors contribute to a patient’s eligibility for complex low vision aids?
- Severe visual impairment
- Difficulty with essential tasks
- Motivation and cognitive ability
- Need for higher magnification or enhanced contrast
What is the typical magnification range for spectacle-mounted telescopes?
Usually 2x to 6x
What are the limitations of spectacle-mounted telescopes?
- Restricted field of view
- Requires steady head movements
- Can be bulky and socially noticeable
What are the best lighting conditions for using spectacle-mounted telescopes?
Best in good lighting since telescopes reduce brightness.
What are closed-circuit television (CCTV) magnifiers best used for?
Reading, writing, and hobbies requiring high magnification and contrast control.
What is the maximum magnification for CCTV magnifiers?
Adjustable up to 60x, depending on the model.
What are the limitations of CCTV magnifiers?
- Not portable
- Can be expensive
What are the typical uses for head-mounted and wearable electronic aids?
Assist with both distance and near tasks using cameras and digital enhancement.
What is a key limitation of head-mounted and wearable electronic aids?
High cost.
What are the typical uses for portable and handheld digital magnifiers?
Good for reading menus, labels, mail, and portable tasks.
What is the maximum magnification for portable and handheld digital magnifiers?
Up to 20x.
What are examples of assistive technologies for patients who struggle with high magnification?
- Text-to-Speech Software (e.g., VoiceOver, JAWS, NVDA)
- Screen Readers
- OCR (Optical Character Recognition) Devices (e.g., OrCam, Seeing AI)
- Tactile & Braille Devices
Where can patients access low vision services?
- Low Vision Clinics
- Charitable Organizations & Societies
- Government & NHS Services
- Private Purchase & Grants
- Rehabilitation Services
When should a patient be referred for complex low vision aids?
- When standard spectacles or simple LVAs cannot help
- If vision loss significantly affects independence and quality of life
- When complex aids or training are required
What are some potential outcomes of proper referrals?
- Better visual function
- Improved independence
- Enhanced psychological well-being
- Increased employment or education opportunities
