3.1.5

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of visual field testing?

Answer 1

Diagnosing and managing ocular and neurological conditions

Visual field testing is essential for detecting conditions like glaucoma, neurological disorders, and retinal diseases.

Question 2

What visual field defects are commonly associated with glaucoma?

Answer 2

Nasal steps and arcuate scotomas

These defects may progress to tunnel vision if untreated.

Question 3

Which types of neurological conditions can be identified through visual field defects?

Answer 3

Strokes, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, trauma

Each can lead to specific visual field defects based on the area affected.

Question 4

What visual field defect can occur with a stroke affecting the occipital lobe?

Answer 4

Homonymous hemianopia

Question 5

What visual field defect can a pituitary tumor cause?

Answer 5

Bitemporal hemianopia

Question 6

Name a condition that causes progressive peripheral field loss.

Answer 6

Retinitis pigmentosa

Question 7

What is the effect of hydroxychloroquine toxicity on visual fields?

Answer 7

Central and paracentral scotomas

Question 8

Fill in the blank: Visual field tests can reveal functional _______ or organic causes of vision loss.

Answer 8

non-organic

Question 9

What is the most commonly used method of visual field assessment?

Answer 9

Automated Perimetry (Static Perimetry)

Question 10

What is the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) primarily used for?

Answer 10

Detecting and monitoring visual field defects

Question 11

What testing strategies does the Humphrey Field Analyzer offer?

Answer 11

• 24-2
• 30-2
• 10-2
• SITA Standard
• SITA Fast

Question 12

What is the purpose of Kinetic Perimetry?

Answer 12

Mapping large field defects

Question 13

What is Goldmann Perimetry best suited for?

Answer 13

Patients with low vision and irregular field loss

Question 14

Which visual field test is used for macular disease screening?

Answer 14

Amsler Grid

Question 15

What component is crucial to monitor during visual field testing?

Answer 15

Fixation monitoring

Question 16

True or False: High fixation losses indicate reliable results.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What does a total deviation plot highlight in visual field testing?

Answer 17

Areas where sensitivity is reduced compared to age-matched normals

Question 18

What type of visual field defect is associated with optic nerve lesions?

Answer 18

Monocular defects

Question 19

What visual field defect is characteristic of optic chiasm lesions?

Answer 19

Bitemporal hemianopia

Question 20

What does inferior quadrantanopia indicate?

Answer 20

Parietal lobe lesions

Question 21

What is the significance of the Henson 9000 Perimeter?

Answer 21

Designed for glaucoma screening and monitoring

Question 22

What is the ZATA strategy in the Henson 9000?

Answer 22

Zippy Adaptive Threshold Algorithm: fast and accurate method for measuring visual fields, especially for glaucoma. It adapts the test based on the patient’s responses, needs fewer stimuli, and reduces test time, making it more comfortable.

Question 23

What is the focus of the 26-Point Suprathreshold Test?

Answer 23

Detecting early glaucomatous damage

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The Henson 9000 perimeter is ideal for _______ clinics.

Answer 24

high-volume

Question 25

Which VF test is particularly useful for conditions affecting the macula?

Answer 25

10-2 Testing because it focuses on the central 10 degrees of vision where macula is

Question 26

What adjustments should be made for patients with reduced visual acuity?

Answer 26

* Increase stimulus size * Adjust fixation targets * Use appropriate refractive correction

Question 27

What is the difference between threshold tests and suprathreshold tests?

Answer 27

Threshold tests take longer and require concentration; suprathreshold tests are faster and simpler.

Question 28

What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with an arcuate scotoma on a 24-2 test?

Answer 28

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) ## Footnote Arcuate scotomas are commonly seen in early glaucoma and follow the shape of the optic nerve fibers.

Question 29

Why is a 10-2 test more appropriate for a patient on hydroxychloroquine?

Answer 29

It provides dense central testing in the 10-degree central visual field where central visual defects commonly occur ## Footnote Hydroxychloroquine toxicity can cause paracentral scotomas or bull’s eye maculopathy.

Question 30

What should be the next step after a 26-Point Suprathreshold Test shows defects?

Answer 30

Perform a full threshold test to confirm the nature of the defect and quantify its severity ## Footnote A ZATA Standard 24-2 test would be appropriate.

Question 31

What factors could cause a false visual field defect?

Answer 31

Factors include: * Poor fixation * Refractive errors * Media opacities * Inattention or fatigue * Neurological factors ## Footnote Each factor has specific solutions to address them.

Question 32

Where is the likely location of the lesion in a patient with homonymous hemianopia?

Answer 32

Optic tract or optic radiations ## Footnote This indicates a lesion beyond the optic chiasm, often due to stroke, tumor, or traumatic brain injury.

Question 33

What does a central scotoma on a 10-2 test indicate?

Answer 33

Loss of vision in the very center of the visual field ## Footnote This may suggest conditions like macular degeneration or hydroxychloroquine toxicity.

Question 34

How does the ZATA Fast test differ from the ZATA Standard test?

Answer 34

ZATA Fast is a quick screening test, while ZATA Standard is a detailed adaptive threshold test ## Footnote ZATA Fast is used for initial screenings; ZATA Standard is used for confirming diagnosis and monitoring.

Question 35

How would you interpret a visual field with bitemporal hemianopia?

Answer 35

Loss of vision in the outer half of the visual field in both eyes ## Footnote This is often associated with lesions at the optic chiasm, commonly caused by a pituitary tumor.

Question 36

Which part of RNFL is damaged in superior arcuate defect

Answer 36

Inferior RNFL (which corresponds to to upper visual field due to inverted projection of the retina onto the visual cortex)