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Biology > 4.2 Biodiversity > Flashcards

4.2 Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

A measure of the variation found in living organisms.

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2
Q

What is species richness?

A

A measure of how many different species are present.

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3
Q

What is species evenness?

A

A measure of how evenly represented the different species are

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4
Q

What is genetic biodiversity?

A

Variation between individuals of the same species.

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5
Q

What is an allele?

A

A version of a gene.

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6
Q

What is the gene locus?

A

The position of the gene on the chromosome.

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7
Q

What are polymorphic gene loci?

A

A locus that has more than two alleles.

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8
Q

What type of Simpson’s Index value would indicate high biodiversity levels?

A

A high value.

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9
Q

How do you calculate genetic biodiversity?

A

The amount of gene loci with multiple alleles / total gene loci.

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10
Q

Give 3 processes that decrease genetic biodiversity.

A
  • natural selection
  • selective breeding
  • captive breeding
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11
Q

Give 2 processes that increase genetic biodiversity.

A
  • mutations

- interbreeding

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of conservation?

A

Conservation in situ and conservation ex situ

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13
Q

What is conservation in situ?

A

Active management to maintain biodiversity in the natural environment.

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14
Q

Give 2 examples of conservation in situ.

A
  • wildlife reserves

- marine conservation zones

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15
Q

What is conservation ex situ?

A

Conservation outside of the normal habitat of the species.

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16
Q

Give 3 examples of conservation ex situ.

A
  • zoos
  • seed banks
  • captive breeding programs
17
Q

Give 3 examples of conservation agreements.

A
  • the CITES
  • the Rio Convention
  • the Countryside Stewardship Scheme
18
Q

What are the 4 sampling techniques?

A
  • random
  • stratified
  • systematic
  • opportunistic
19
Q

Describe systematic sampling.

A

A sample taken along a line or belt transect at regular intervals.

20
Q

Describe stratified sampling.

A

When the population is split into strata based on characteristics and sampled proportionately.

21
Q

What are the 3 categories of reasons to maintain biodiversity?

A
  • economic
  • ecological
  • aesthetic
22
Q

What is a quadrat?

A

A small frame used to sample an area.

23
Q

Give 5 pieces of equipment used to sample animals.

A
  • pitfall trap
  • tullgren funnel
  • net
  • pooter
  • light trap
24
Q

What is a transect.

A

A line across the habitat along which samples can be taken.

25
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The place where individuals in a species live.

26
Q

What is the habitat biodiversity?

A

The range of different habitats in which species live.

27
Q

Give 3 agreements to maintain biodiversity?

A
  • CITES
  • Rio Convention on Biological Diversity
  • Countryside Stewardship Scheme
28
Q

What was the CITES?

A

Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species was signed by the majority of governments in 1973

29
Q

Give aims of CITES

A
  • ensure international trade does not endanger wild populations
  • prohibit trade of wild plants for commercial purposes
  • to monitor international trade of selected species
30
Q

What was the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity

A

Convention on Biological Diversity signed by 150 government leaders in 1992

31
Q

Give aims of the Rio Convention

A
  • conserve biological diversity
  • sustainable use of resources
  • shared access to genetic resources
32
Q

Describe the countryside stewardship scheme

A

Introduced in England in 1991 where farmers and other land managers were payed by the government in order to conserve landscapes and maintain biodiversity

33
Q

What is the effect of continuous monoculture

A

It causes soil depletion of nutrients

34
Q

What are the 2 types of transect

A

A line transect and a belt transect

35
Q

What form of sampling is used to look for change across an area

A

A transect

36
Q

What is the difference between a line transect and a belt transect

A

A line transect just makes note of the species touching the transect but the belt transect places a quadrat next to the line at regular intervals

37
Q

What are the two types of data that can be collected with a quadrat

A
  • the presence or absence of a species (distribution)

- or the number of individuals of each species (abundance)

Biology (24 decks)

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