4.2 Biodiversity

Question 1

What is biodiversity?

Answer 1

A measure of the variation found in living organisms.

Question 2

What is species richness?

Answer 2

A measure of how many different species are present.

Question 3

What is species evenness?

Answer 3

A measure of how evenly represented the different species are

Question 4

What is genetic biodiversity?

Answer 4

Variation between individuals of the same species.

Question 5

What is an allele?

Answer 5

A version of a gene.

Question 6

What is the gene locus?

Answer 6

The position of the gene on the chromosome.

Question 7

What are polymorphic gene loci?

Answer 7

A locus that has more than two alleles.

Question 8

What type of Simpson’s Index value would indicate high biodiversity levels?

Answer 8

A high value.

Question 9

How do you calculate genetic biodiversity?

Answer 9

The amount of gene loci with multiple alleles / total gene loci.

Question 10

Give 3 processes that decrease genetic biodiversity.

Answer 10

• natural selection
• selective breeding
• captive breeding

Question 11

Give 2 processes that increase genetic biodiversity.

Answer 11

• mutations

- interbreeding

Question 12

What are the 2 types of conservation?

Answer 12

Conservation in situ and conservation ex situ

Question 13

What is conservation in situ?

Answer 13

Active management to maintain biodiversity in the natural environment.

Question 14

Give 2 examples of conservation in situ.

Answer 14

• wildlife reserves

- marine conservation zones

Question 15

What is conservation ex situ?

Answer 15

Conservation outside of the normal habitat of the species.

Question 16

Give 3 examples of conservation ex situ.

Answer 16

• zoos
• seed banks
• captive breeding programs

Question 17

Give 3 examples of conservation agreements.

Answer 17

• the CITES
• the Rio Convention
• the Countryside Stewardship Scheme

Question 18

What are the 4 sampling techniques?

Answer 18

• random
• stratified
• systematic
• opportunistic

Question 19

Describe systematic sampling.

Answer 19

A sample taken along a line or belt transect at regular intervals.

Question 20

Describe stratified sampling.

Answer 20

When the population is split into strata based on characteristics and sampled proportionately.

Question 21

What are the 3 categories of reasons to maintain biodiversity?

Answer 21

• economic
• ecological
• aesthetic

Question 22

What is a quadrat?

Answer 22

A small frame used to sample an area.

Question 23

Give 5 pieces of equipment used to sample animals.

Answer 23

• pitfall trap
• tullgren funnel
• net
• pooter
• light trap

Question 24

What is a transect.

Answer 24

A line across the habitat along which samples can be taken.

Question 25

What is a habitat?

Answer 25

The place where individuals in a species live.

Question 26

What is the habitat biodiversity?

Answer 26

The range of different habitats in which species live.

Question 27

Give 3 agreements to maintain biodiversity?

Answer 27

- CITES - Rio Convention on Biological Diversity - Countryside Stewardship Scheme

Question 28

What was the CITES?

Answer 28

Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species was signed by the majority of governments in 1973

Question 29

Give aims of CITES

Answer 29

- ensure international trade does not endanger wild populations - prohibit trade of wild plants for commercial purposes - to monitor international trade of selected species

Question 30

What was the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity

Answer 30

Convention on Biological Diversity signed by 150 government leaders in 1992

Question 31

Give aims of the Rio Convention

Answer 31

- conserve biological diversity - sustainable use of resources - shared access to genetic resources

Question 32

Describe the countryside stewardship scheme

Answer 32

Introduced in England in 1991 where farmers and other land managers were payed by the government in order to conserve landscapes and maintain biodiversity

Question 33

What is the effect of continuous monoculture

Answer 33

It causes soil depletion of nutrients

Question 34

What are the 2 types of transect

Answer 34

A line transect and a belt transect

Question 35

What form of sampling is used to look for change across an area

Answer 35

A transect

Question 36

What is the difference between a line transect and a belt transect

Answer 36

A line transect just makes note of the species touching the transect but the belt transect places a quadrat next to the line at regular intervals

Question 37

What are the two types of data that can be collected with a quadrat

Answer 37

- the presence or absence of a species (distribution) | - or the number of individuals of each species (abundance)