2.1 Cell Structure

Question 1

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 1

It contains enzymes that catalyse lipid metabolic reactions.

Question 2

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 2

It provides a large surface area for ribosomes and is the intracellular transport system.

Question 3

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 3

It processes and packages proteins to be pinched of into vesicles.

Question 4

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 4

The site of ATP production during respiration which releases energy when hydrolysed.

Question 5

What are the functions of the nucleus?

Answer 5

• control centre of the cell
• contains the genome of the cell
• transmits genetic information
• provides transcription for protein synthesis

Question 6

What is the function of chloroplasts (plants)?

Answer 6

It is the site of photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll which traps light energy.

Question 7

What is the function of the vacuole (plant)?

Answer 7

Maintains the stability of the cell.

Question 8

What is the function of the lysosomes?

Answer 8

It separates the hydrolytic enzymes from the rest of the cell.

Question 9

What are the functions of ribosomes?

Answer 9

The site of protein synthesis (on RER for external proteins, free-floating ribosomes for internal proteins).

Question 10

What are the functions of centrioles?

Answer 10

Forms spindle fibres that help the nucleus divide.

Question 11

What is the function of the cell wall (plant)?

Answer 11

Protects the cell and maintains strength (is not an organelle).

Question 12

What is the function of the microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 12

To allow the cell to move and resist cell tension.

Question 13

What is the function of the intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 13

To hold the cell in place.

Question 14

What is the function of the microtubules in the cytoskeleton.

Answer 14

To resist compressive forces.

Question 15

What are the 4 steps in the cell theory?

Answer 15

Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ Systems

Question 16

What is magnification?

Answer 16

How much bigger an object appears compared to its actual size.

Question 17

What is resolution?

Answer 17

The ability to distinguish between two different objects.

Question 18

What are the 2 types of electron microscope?

Answer 18

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 19

What are the features of a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)?

Answer 19

• 2D and black and white
• the specimen has to be fixed and stained
• electrons pass through it

Question 20

What are the features of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)?

Answer 20

• 3D and black and white
• the electrons bounce of the specimen to produce an image
• the specimen has to be placed in a vacuum

Question 21

What are the advantages of a light microscope?

Answer 21

It is cheap and easy to use

Question 22

What are the disadvantages of a light microscope?

Answer 22

It has a low magnification and a low resolution, as a result it can only see large cell organelles.

Question 23

What are Laser Scanning Microscopes also called.

Answer 23

Confocal microscopes.

Question 24

What are the advantages of Laser Scanning Microscopes?

Answer 24

They are high resolution and high magnification, they are used for research.