4. Proteins and Enymes Flashcards
What is the R group in an amino acid
They are different in everyone amino acid sequence.
How are polypeptides (polymers) formed? The reaction
The dehydration reaction - removal of a water molecule to form a covalent bond
What are the four main types of weak interactions? What do weak interactions do?
Ionic reactions, Hydrogen bonds, Van der waals interaction (two atoms who are close to each other but dont really like each other), Hydrophobic interactions Weak interactions are important for structure and catalysis to occur
what is a primary structure of animo acids?
the LINEAR sequence of amino acids in peptides or protein.
its unravelled
what is the secondary structure of amino acids? name the two types (think a and b) and what they do
the alpha helix secondary strucutre is COILING or FOLDING. Due to hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide (protein) backbone
the beta pleated helix has two or more segments of the polypepetide chain lying side by side. connected with hydrogen bonds.
what is the tertiary structure? what are two of the weak interactions it involves in?
IRREGULARfolding of the polypeptide due to WEAK INTERACTIONS.
weak interactions include:
hydrophobic interactions
ionic bonds
what is a quanternary structure? what structres can they be in? think skin and blood
a protein consisting of more than one amino acid polypeptide. It is ologometric (opposite of polymer - its more than one strucure ie primary, secondary and tertiary strucutures)
quatenary structures can be in the form of collagen or haemoglobin
what is a collagen quanternary structure? what are its uses in an organsim?
its a fiborous protein that has three polypeptides interwinded intwo a triple helix. its used as skin, bones, ligamaents etc
what is haemoglobin quanternary structure?
the oxygen binding protein of red blood cells.
what is an ezyme? what is a benefit of what they do? (think energy)
they are a catalyst, therefore make the reaction happen easier due to energy effiecentcy
What does the general formula of an amino acid look like? Describe what the two groups are and what the R side chain is. What are the charges of the groups
There is the amino group with one nitrogen and two hydrogen (-NH2) called amine. Its positively charged. There’s is the carboxyl group which consists of two oxygen atoms (O) and a carbon atom (C). The carboxyl group is negatively charged because of the loss of a hydrogen atom
define what a protein is
the working molecule of life
