2. Macromolecules And Nuclic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the macromolecules make polymers?

A

Polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids.. NOT LIPIDS

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2
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

The structural uni of nucleic acids

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3
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A polymer with amino acids that are covalently bonded together to form a protein molecule

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4
Q

How are monomers covalently bonded to each other?

Define what the type of bond is

A

The dehydration reaction (condensation). The dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that is the LOSS of a water molecule

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5
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

A
Deoxyribose acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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6
Q

What is the main differences with RNA compared to DNA?

Think about the sugar molecule

A

RNA has a sugar ribose
Ribose contains one more hydroxyl group which means RNA is more flexible so can fold up.
Stabilises base pairing

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7
Q

What are the three parts to make up a nucleotide?

A

A nitrogenous base
A 5-carbon monosaccharide (pentose sugar)
A phosphate group

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8
Q

Define a polymer

A

A chair like molecule with identical ‘building blocks’ (monomers) link by covalent bonds

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9
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Think.. agc

A

Adenin, guanine, thymine and cytosine NOT URACIL

These are NITROGENOUS BASES

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10
Q

What is hydrolysis?

Think catalysing food

A

The addition of a water molecule. Polymers are disassembled to monomers by HYDROLYSIS (Its the opposite of the dehydration reaction)

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11
Q

What are the four bases found in RNA? Think agc

A

Adenin, guanine, uracil and cytosine. NOT THYMINE

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12
Q

What are the four macromolecules? … think nutrients

A

Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and polysaccharides

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13
Q

What is a monomer

A

The smaller molecules which are the building blocks of a polymer

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