2. Macromolecules And Nuclic Acids Flashcards
Which of the macromolecules make polymers?
Polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids.. NOT LIPIDS
What is a nucleotide?
The structural uni of nucleic acids
What is a polypeptide?
A polymer with amino acids that are covalently bonded together to form a protein molecule
How are monomers covalently bonded to each other?
Define what the type of bond is
The dehydration reaction (condensation). The dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that is the LOSS of a water molecule
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
Deoxyribose acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What is the main differences with RNA compared to DNA?
Think about the sugar molecule
RNA has a sugar ribose
Ribose contains one more hydroxyl group which means RNA is more flexible so can fold up.
Stabilises base pairing
What are the three parts to make up a nucleotide?
A nitrogenous base
A 5-carbon monosaccharide (pentose sugar)
A phosphate group
Define a polymer
A chair like molecule with identical ‘building blocks’ (monomers) link by covalent bonds
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Think.. agc
Adenin, guanine, thymine and cytosine NOT URACIL
These are NITROGENOUS BASES
What is hydrolysis?
Think catalysing food
The addition of a water molecule. Polymers are disassembled to monomers by HYDROLYSIS (Its the opposite of the dehydration reaction)
What are the four bases found in RNA? Think agc
Adenin, guanine, uracil and cytosine. NOT THYMINE
What are the four macromolecules? … think nutrients
Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and polysaccharides
What is a monomer
The smaller molecules which are the building blocks of a polymer