4. Mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of joint dislocations

Question 1

What is a sprain?

Answer 1

Hungarian: Rándulás

• A sudden movement abruptly forcing the joint to exceed its functional range of motion
• There might be a dislocation that returns to its original position.

Question 2

What is a joint dislocation?

Answer 2

Hungarian: Ficam
luxation, occurs when there is an abnormal separation in the joint, where two or more bones meet.

subluxation is an incomplete/partial dislocation of a joint

Question 3

How can a joint dislocation be diagnosed?

Answer 3

X-ray → check for any fractures as well,as it can be difficult to differentiate between a dislocation and fracture

Question 4

How is a joint dislocation treated?

Answer 4

Reduction as soon as possible (blood supply may be compromised)

Question 5

What is important to do after a dislocation?

Answer 5

Splint to maintain position
Physiotherapy
Joints can become prone to repeated dislocations after the first dislocation.

Question 6

What is the most common joint that becomes dislocated?

Answer 6

Shoulder joint
50% of dislocations

others:patella, elbow, knee, ankle

Question 7

What are the types of shoulder dislocations?

Answer 7

Anterior 85%
Posterior 14%
Inferior 1%

Question 8

What are the signs of an anterior shoulder rotation?

Answer 8

slight External rotation and
Abduction

Question 9

What are the signs of an posterior shoulder rotation?

Answer 9

Internal rotation
Adduction

Question 10

What are the complications of a shoulder dislocation?

Answer 10

Fractures
Nerve injury

Question 11

What are the types of fractures that can occur in a shoulder dislocation?

Answer 11

• Hill-sachs (humerus head impaction) -
• Bankart (anterior, inferior glenoid labrum)

hill sachs lesion seen after reduction