32. Ankle sprain injuries – examination and treatment methods. Complications of ankle fractures and their treatment methods.

Question 1

What is the ankle joint composed of?

Answer 1

Talocrural joint: Tibia + Fibula + Talus

Question 2

Which ligaments are affected in the ankle with what frequency?

Answer 2

85% of such sprains are inversion sprains of the lateral ligaments
5% are eversion sprains of the deltoid or medial ligament

Question 3

What is PRICES?

Answer 3

Protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation, support.
Surgery isn’t necessary unless there is a repeating trauma.

Question 4

What is the grading of ankle sprain injuries?

Answer 4

I - mild sprain or one that causes slight stretching with minimal damage to the ligament (ant. talofibular)
II - tearing of ant. talofibular ligament and the ankle joint moves in abnormal ways
III - complete tears of the ligaments and the presence of instability

Question 5

What tests can be used to detect ligament injuries?

Answer 5

To test the calcaneofibular ligament the examiner will adduct and invert the calcaneous into a varus position.
The deltoid ligament is examined by abducting and everting the calcaneous into a valgus position