2. Nonoperative treatment methods of fractures (traction, functional treatment, external fixation, guidelines of the treatment of fractures)

Question 1

Basis of fracture management is “3 R’s”

Answer 1

reduction
retention
rehabilitation

Question 2

whats the aim of treatment of the 3 Rs?

Answer 2

to regain and maintain the normal alignment

to regain normal funtion

the above objectives should be achieved in the shortest time possible

Question 3

What is reduction?

Answer 3

Aligning the broken bone in a good position.

Question 4

What are the important aspects of reduction care?

Answer 4

1. ANALGESIA
2. Verify if the reduction worked (X-ray)
3. Fixate the reduction

Question 5

What are the types of reduction?

Answer 5

Closed (external realignment)
* Less precise
* Lower risk of infection

Open (surgical realignment)
* More precise
* Higher risk of infection

Question 6

What is fixation?

Answer 6

The process of holding the reduction in place.

Question 7

What are the types of fixation?

Answer 7

External
* Traction
* Plaster cast
* External fixation
* Frame fixation

Internal
* Intramedullary nails,rods, screws
* Compression plates, screws
* pecutaneous pinning

Question 8

What is traction?

Answer 8

The application of pulling force to re-align shortened or displaced fractures

Question 9

When is external fixation preferred over a cast?

Answer 9

Used for fractures that are too unstable for a cast
or
to preserve remaining blood supply

Question 10

What is the benefit of frame fixation?

Answer 10

Allows correction of deformities by moving the pins in relation to the frame.

Question 11

What are the guidelines for treatment of fractures?

Answer 11

Diagnosis → Suspicion → X-ray → CT if unclear and would impact treatment

Reduction - External or Internal

Fixation → 6 – 12 weeks if non union → surgery

Early mobilization!!! (contrary to old beliefs)