4. DOGS: Parvoviral enteritis (Canine PARVOVIRUS 1 and 2) Flashcards
PARVOVIRUSRIPULI
disease
-contagious disease of dogs
-parvoviral enteritis
caused by
Parvovirus
characterized by
severe enteritis, anorexia, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea and shock
agent
-canine parvovirus 1 and 2
highly
CONTAGIOUS
extremely
-resistant - can survive over 7 months in envi
-resistant to most disinfectants (except bleach)
HR
dogs
affects almost exclusively
-PUPPIES less 8 months old
-unvaccinated adults
suspected breed predisposition
-doberman pinscher
-rottweiler
-pit bull
-German shepherd
-dachshund breeds
> toy poodles and cocker spaniels have below-normal degree of risk
occurs
worldwide and year around ; more common during warmer and wetter seasons
risk factors
-unvaccinated puppies or pups less than 7 weeks age with poor maternal immunity
> unvaccinated dogs are 12.7x more likely to develop parvovirus enteritis!!!!!
-exposure to high viral loads
-immunosuppression = systemic illness, cancer chemotherapy
mortality is
HIGH without Tx
transmission: excretion
-feces
> shedding 4-5 days after exposure ; occurs for total of 7-10 days , usually ending by day 14 after exposure
ways of transmission
-direct contact
-fomites
route of transmission
fecal-oral
IP
3-14 days
CS: courses
-subclinical (piilevä)
-mild
-moderate
-severe enteritis
CS: acute onset of
> lethargy (often first sign)
> anorexia
> vomiting
> diarrhea (often hemorrhagic )
CS: moderate and severe enteritis
> lethargy
> dehydration (tacky oral MM)
-palpably fluid-filled intestines
>abdominal palpation may induce vomiting or retching
> fever
> tachycardia
CS: severe enteritis
-hypovolemic shock with altered mentation
> may be due to septic shock , hypoglycemia and hypothermia
associated conditions and disorders
-helminthiasis, giardiasis, coccidiosis and coronavirus infections may occur concurrently
-sepsis is likely prevalent on parvovirus enteritis cases because bacteremia is common
> in 90% of dogs that died of parvovirus enteritis, microbial liver or lung cultures revealed growth of E.coli
possible complications
-intussusception or rectal prolapse
-septic arthritis or endocarditis
-acute respiratory stress syndrome
-pneumonia (embolic, aspiration or opportunistic)
DDx
-any severe acute gastroenteritis
-distemper
-salmonellosis
-coronaviral enteritis
-foreign body/intussusception
suspect when
-anorexia
-vomiting
-diarrhea
-lethargy, or combination of these
-typically in young and usually unvaccinated dog
diagnosis: material
-blood
-feces
diagnosis: in lab
-ELISA snap test- test of choice
> sensitive and specific
> false-positive result possible after recent vaccination (starts 5 days after, continues for 1 week)
Tx goals
-normalize hydration, potassium and glucose
-control vomiting
-control pain
-feed early
prevention
-adequate VACCINATION
-owner should limit environmental access for puppies until they are fully vaccinated
-dogs that survive parvovirus enteritis generally have immunity to reinfection (lifelong)
control
WEAR GLOVES and use strict hygiene when handling these patients
