4. DOGS: Canine distemper (CDV) (PARAMYXOVIRUS) Flashcards
PENIKKA TAUTI
disease
-contagious disease of Canids
-Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)
caused by
Paramyxovirus
characterized by
systemic and neurologic disease
agent
-canine distemper virus (CDV)
-genus: Morbillivirus
-family: Paramyxoviridae
certain strains are more
-virulent and neurotropic
> Snyder Hill strain-polioencephalomyelitis
> A75/17 and R252 strains-CNS demyelination
highly
CONTAGIOUS
sensitive to
-UV light
-heat
-drying
HR
-dogs
>other species from order Canidae- coyote, dingo, wolf, fox
>ferrets , mink, skunk, raccoon, panda
>some members of order Felidae-lion, cheetah, jaguar, margay, ocelot
especially susceptibility
URBAN or SUBURBAN dogs between 3-6 months of age
more common in
-dolichocephalic breeds vs. bradycephalic breeds
> also higher mortality rates
risk factors
-inadequate vaccination
-exposure to animals with clinical or subclinical dz
-transplacental transmission
-exposure to vaccinated but immunocompromised animals to an infected animal
MM
-high morbidity
-variable mortality
-full recovery from CDV in young animals is uncommon, but likely produces lifelong immunity
transmission: excretion
-RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS
-urine
-feces
-nasal
-ocular secretions
-skin
> shedding begins by 7th day after infection; may continue for less than 90 days
way of transmission
-aerosols
-direct contact
-fomites
-in utero
transmission: route
-respiratory
-transplacental
subclinical to mild dz is probably
most common
CS: Generalized distemper
-initial signs: RESPIRATORY infection followed by GI SIGNS and often CNS SIGNS
-CNS signs may manifest concomitant (same time) with or after resolution of respiratory and GI signs
CS: Systemic/generalized disease
-fever
-ocular signs-keratitis, conjunctivitis, uveitis
-loud breath sounds on auscultation
-dehydration
-cachexia
-poor hair coat
-dental abnormalities : in dogs that survive neonatal infection
> dental enamel hypoplasia, tooth impaction, oligodontia
> Chewing-gum seizures: vigorous repetitive opening and closing of the mouth
CS: Neurologic disease
-signs indicative of encephalitis or encephalomyelitis
> seizures: chewing - gum seizures
> vestibular signs
> cerebellar signs/hypermetria
> paresis
> Chewing-gum seizures: vigorous repetitive opening and closing of the mouth
-myoclonus when disease progresses
> rhythmic twitching of head , neck or one or more limbs
-optic neuritis and chorioretinitis
CS: systemic (kehon laajuisesti) and neurologic signs are not
-always present at same time
> more often neurologic dz occurs 1-3 weeks after recovery from systemic signs
CS: Old-dog encephalitis (ODE)
-persistent CDV infection of CNS gray matter
> ataxia, compulsive movement (head progressing or continual pacing), uncoordinated hyper metric gait
> no systemic signs
CS: In utero infection
-abortions and stillbirths
-puppies that survive transplacental infection can develop neurologic signs by 6 weeks of age and often have lifelong immunodeficiency
CS: in utero infection : clinical signs usually
-severe
> secondary bacterial infections common
CS: in utero infection : dogs with adequate immunity
do not develop CS , and they clear virus within 14 days post infection
CS: in utero infection: dogs with INadequate immunity
develop mild to severe systemic signs and frequently develop CNS signs
CS: in utero infection: development of CNS signs
is most important negative prognosis factor
DDx (3)
-canine infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough)
-canine parvoviral enteritis
-other CNS diseases of young dogs
diagnosis: suspect when
-oculonasal discharge
-vomiting and / or diarrhea with or without recent onset of clinical signs in young, unvaccinated dog
> older dogs: signs consistent with infectious tracheobronchitis
diagnosis: material
-blood
-CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
-tonsils, LNs, GI epithelium, spleen, urinary bladder, brain
diagnosis: in the lab
-serology -antibodies
>serum and CSF
-fluorescent antibody testing
-PCR
-immunofluorescence for post mortem testing
Tx
-supportive care
-ABs of secondary bacterial infections
-anticonvulsants to control seizures
prevention
vaccination
affected dogs should be
-isolated from other hospital patients
-wear protective gear to prevent transmission to other dogs
> isolation for at least 2 weeks
