4. DOGS: Canine Infectious Hepatitis (ICH) (ADENOVIRUS)

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

-disease of dogs

-canine infectious hepatitis

-CANINE ADENOVIRUS-1 (CAV-1)

Question 2

CAUSED BY

Answer 2

adenovirus

Question 3

characterized by

Answer 3

acute death or chronic hepatitis

Question 4

agent, genus, family

Answer 4

-agent: canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1)

> genus: Mastadenovirus

> family: Adenoviridae

Question 5

resistant to

Answer 5

environmental inactivation

Question 6

survives for

Answer 6

-days at room temperature on contaminated fomites (likaantuneet esineet tai pinnat)

> can remain viable for months at less 4 degree

Question 7

HR

Answer 7

-dogs

-coyotes

-foxes

-wolves

-bears

Question 8

usually seen in

Answer 8

-dogs less 1 year old

> unvaccinated dogs at any age can be affected

Question 9

uncommon in

Answer 9

well-vaccinated dog populations

Question 10

risk factors

Answer 10

non vaccinated dogs

Question 11

mortality?

Answer 11

-HIGH

> even with best nursing care

Question 12

transmission: excretion

Answer 12

-saliva

-URINE

-feces

-respiratory secretions

Question 13

shedding

Answer 13

-4-8 days post infection

> secretion in urine 6-8 months post infection

Question 14

ways to transmit

Answer 14

-direct contact

-indirect contact
(fomites= pinnat, esineet jotka contaminated)

Question 15

transmission: route

Answer 15

oronasal (respiratory)

Question 16

CS: subclinical (piilevä) infections are

Answer 16

-WIDESPREAD

> in dogs circulating antibodies at time of infection

Question 17

CS: during acute viremic stage

Answer 17

-animals can become moribund and DIE within few hours (eläin äärimmäisen sairas tai kuolemaisillaan)

Question 18

CS: signs

Answer 18

-fever

-tonsillar enlargement

-cervical lymphadenopathy (kaulan imusolmukkeiden turpoaminen)

-tachycardia (nopea sydämen syke)

-tachypnea (nopea hengitys), abdominal tenderness

-hepatomegaly (maksan suureneminen)

-icterus (keltainen iho ja silmät bilirubin kertynyt)

and

-abdominal distention in advanced cases (not in acute stage!!!!)

Question 19

CS: ANTERIOR UVEITIS AND CORNEAL EDEMA (=tulehdus silmän etuosassa ja sarveiskalvon turvotus)

-‘‘blue eye’’

Answer 19

> develop 7-12 days post infection

Question 20

signs of coagulopathy

(=veri ei hyydy normaalisti-liika verenvuoto tai hyytymis vaikeus)

Answer 20

-petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages =pistemäiset verenvuodot iholla tai MM - ja - jälkimmäinen laajempi verenvuoto sinertäviä tai mustelmia

-epistaxis = verenvuoto nenästä

-excessive bleeding from venipuncture sites

Question 21

CS: CNS signs consistent with

Answer 21

-HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

> depression
seizures
disorientation
coma

Question 22

DDx

Answer 22

-liver disease:
>portosystemic shunts
>leptospirosis
>toxins
>copper hepatopathy
>cholelithiasis/cholangitis
>gallbladder rupture

-pancreatitis

-canine distemper

Question 23

diagnosis is based on

Answer 23

-signalment ( young unvaccinated dog ) with CS consistent with acute hepatic failure

Question 24

confirmation of dz

Answer 24

-ruling out DDx

-laboratory diagnostics

Question 25

diagnosis: material

Answer 25

-blood

-liver biopsy

Question 26

diagnosis in LAB

Answer 26

-serology (ELISA)

-virus isolation

-PCR - can distinguish CAV-1 from CAV-2

-cytology or histologic examination of LIVER

Question 27

Tx

Answer 27

-supportive care

Question 28

Tx: uncomplicated cases

Answer 28

-may not show improvement in clinical signs for up to 5 days

Question 29

Tx: possible complications

Answer 29

-pyelonophritis = munuaisten tulehdus

-intravascular coagulation=hyytymiä verisuonissa

-glaucoma = verenpainetauti silmässä

Question 30

prevention

Answer 30

VACCINE

Question 31

vaccine?

Answer 31

YES

Question 32

PM

Answer 32

no post mortem info

Question 33

CS: after acute viremic stage

Answer 33

-vomiting

-diarrhea

and/or

-abdominal pain

Question 34

CS: icterus and abdominal distention in

Answer 34

-advanced cases

> NOT IN ACUTE VIREMIC STAGE!!