4. DOGS: Brucellosis (Brucella canis) B.CANIS

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

-contagious disease of dogs

-brucellosis

Question 2

caused by

Answer 2

Brucella canis

Question 3

characterized by

Answer 3

reproductive failure

Question 4

agent

Answer 4

-agent: Brucella canis (BRUCELLA CANIS)

-gram -

-facultatively intracellular

Question 5

other Brucella species that can affect dogs (3)

Answer 5

1. B.abortus
2. B. melitensis
3. B. suis

Question 6

can remain viable

Answer 6

for months in conditions of high humidity, low temperatures and no sunlight

Question 7

readily killed by

Answer 7

most commonly available disinfectants

Question 8

HR

Answer 8

dogs

Question 9

zoonotic?

Answer 9

YES !!!!

Question 10

affects

Answer 10

sexually mature canines, no gender predisposition (molemmat sukupuolet)

Question 11

more common in

Answer 11

stray/feral dogs (=kodittomat ja villiintyneet koirat

Question 12

where

Answer 12

worldwide distribution

Question 13

risk factors

Answer 13

housing or breeding with infected animals

Question 14

death is

Answer 14

rare

Question 15

most affected by death

Answer 15

fetuses and neonates

Question 16

transmission: excretion

Answer 16

-vaginal discharge (following abortion)

-urine

-milk

-semen

-prostatic fluid

-vaginal fluid durin estrus

-lochia (signs) of parturition

Question 17

ways of transmission

Answer 17

-direct contact

-venereal

-fomites

-in utero

Question 18

transmission: route

Answer 18

-alimentary (ingestion)

or

• through MM

> oral cavity
conjunctiva
nasal tissue
penis or vaginal vault (emätin)

Question 19

IP

Answer 19

2-3 WEEKS

Question 20

CS: female

Answer 20

-failure to conceive

-abortion at 45-55 days of gestation, possible with no other signs

-birth of stillborn, partially autolyzed, or weak pups

-persistent, highly infective mucopurulent or serosanguineous vulvar discharge for 1-6 weeks of postpartum (limapurskuttelu tai verta sisältävä vuoto)

-placentitis and metritis (istukan tulehdus, kohtutulehdus)

Question 21

CS: male

Answer 21

-scrotal swelling

-decreased libido

-back pain

-testicular atrophy (chronic infections)

-poor semen quality

-epididymal inflammation

Question 22

CS: EITHER GENDER

Answer 22

-lymphadenopathy

-signs of recurrent uveitis (toistuva silmätulehdus)

-lameness

-paraspinal pain with paresis or paralysis

Question 23

PM

Answer 23

-LYMPH NODE ENLARGEMENT: >retropharyngeal, inguinal LNs
>generalized lymphadenitis

-splenomegaly=suurentunut perna- enlarged spleen

-hepatomegaly=suurentunut maksa

> males:
-scrotal dermatitis, epididymitis, scrotal edema, scrotal edema, orchitis, prostatitis, testicular atrophy and fibrosis

> females:
-metritis, vaginal discharge

> aborted puppies:
-partially autolyzed and have evidence of generalized bacterial infection

Question 24

DDx

Answer 24

-abortion:
>B.abortus, B.suis, B.melitensis, salmonella spp, campylobacter spp., E-coli or streptococcus spp., canine herpesvirus, canine distemper or canine adenovirus, mycoplasmas, toxoplasma gondii, progesterone deficiency, hypothyroidism

-infertility/poor semen quality/azoospermia(miehen siemennesteessä ei siittiöitä):
>improper timing for breeding, subclinical uterine infection, testicular or prostatic dz

-scrotal enlargement: >orchitis(kivekset tulehtuneet), epididymitis, torsion of spermatic cord, hernia, testicular neoplasia, abscess, variocele(suonikohjuja kivespussiin), hydrocele (kivespussissa nestettä), hematoma (verta kertyy kudoksiin)

Question 25

diagnosis: material

Answer 25

-blood

-tissue samples: LNs, bone marrow, placenta, eye, fetus

-fluids:
>semen
>lochia (lapsivuoto, emättimestä nestettä)
>urine
>milk

Question 26

diagnosis: in the lab

Answer 26

-serology (AGID, ELISA)
>will identify positive dog FROM 8-12 week post infection UNTIL 3-4 years after achieving bacteremia

-bacterial culture: definitive!!!! LUOTETTA
>positive cultures occur 2-4 weeks post infection

-PCR

Question 27

Tx

Answer 27

-ABs may be useful!

> combination of 2, long term ABs

> no Tx is certain to eliminate B.canis

> recrudescence (uusiutuminen) is possible, especially when stressed > euthanasia recommended

Question 28

vaccine

Answer 28

NO

Question 29

prevention

Answer 29

-kennels and breeding programs
>remove infected dogs
>individual caging
>repeated testing

-neuter

-wear gloves