3. CATS: Feline infectious peritonitis-FIP (FELINE CORONAVIRUS FCoV) Flashcards
TARTTUVA VATSAKALVONTULEHDUS
disease
-contagious disease of felines
-feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)
caused by
feline coronavirus
characterized by
-body cavity effusions(=kehon onteloon kertyy nestettä)
OR
-neurological signs
agent, family, serotypes
-agent: Feline coronavirus (FCoV)
> family: Coronaviridae
> 2 serotypes : 1 and 2
EU and USA mainly serotype 1
Japan mainly serotype 2
related to
-TGE virus in pigs, canine and human coronaviruses
-TGEV= transmissible gastroenteritis virus
largest known
RNA
susceptible
highly susceptible to mutation
FIP virus is mutation of
benign FCoV
survival
-does not survive in environment for long
>less 48h
> in dry environment less 6 weeks
readily inactivated by
most common disinfectants
HR
felines
most widespread infectious disease of
cats
mostly
sporadic disease
=satunnaisesti ja epäsäännöllisesti populaatiossa
most susceptible
-young cats during post weaning periods
> peak age: 6 months to 2 years
more in
males than females
purebred cats: asian breeds: Birman, Himalayan
are most susceptible
risk factors
-stress, multicat households
> FCoV widespread or even ubiquitous in multicat environments
=erittäin yleinen tai laajalle levinnyt monien kissojen populaatioissa ja ympäristöissä
morbidity
-90% of cats have antibodies, but only 5% develop clinical dz
mortality
95%!!
transmission: excretion
-FECES
-saliva
-urine
-respiraotry secretions
ways of transmission
-direct contact
-fomites (litter box)
transmission route
-fecal-oral
-oronasal
or
-through saliva (e.g mutual grooming)
forms (2)
-Wet form = Effusive
-Dry form = Noneffusive (OCULAR abnormalities)
nonspecific clinical signs
-lethargy
-inappetence
-weight loss
CS: EFFUSIVE (wet) form
-abdominal distention with palpable fluid wave
-dyspnea, muffled heart sounds and muffled lung sounds
>due to pleural effusion
-also there might be palpable abdominal masses
=neste kertyy=effusive
CS: NONEFFUSIVE (dry) form
(OCULAR)
-ocular abnormalities-change in iris color due to iritis/uveitis, hyphen, aqueous flare, keratin precipitates, vitreous clouding, vascular cuffing
-icterus
-palpable abdominal mass(es)-organomegaly
> e.g. enlarged mesenteric LNs, nodules in other organs, intestinal thickening
-raised intradermal pustules (non-rustic cutaneous lesions)
=noneffusive=neste ei kery (kuiva)
CS: neurologic signs
-ataxia
-incoordination
-paresis (lihasheikkous)
DDx
-neoplasia (lymphoma)
-lymphocytic/nonsuppurative cholangitis
-pyothorax/cyclothorax = märkää rintaontelossa tai keuhkopussin sisällä on ontelo tai kysta
-congestive heart failure
-ocular changes: toxoplasmosis, FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus ), FeLV , systemic mycosis
-hyperglobulinemia: lymphoma, multiple myeloma, chronic infection
diagnosis: material
-blood
-effusion (peritoneal) fluid
-samples from affected tissues
diagnosis in lab
-RIVALTA TEST:
>8ml distilled water + 1 drop of 98% vinegar + 1 drop of effusion fluid
>if drop disappears = negative
>if drop stays = positive
-PCR
-Histopathology
-Serology :
>positive titers only represents exposure to FCoV, not specially FIP!
> titers 1:16000 suggestive to FIP in cats showing signs of dz
most cats with positive serologic titers
never develop FIP
Tx
-no
-provide comfort and supportive / palliative care
Tx: acute Tx
-thoracocentesis
-oxygen therapy
-IV fluids
TX: chronic Tx
-antiviral drugs
-immunomodulating drugs
-immune suppression drugs
cats with effusive form generally
die within 2 months of onset of CS
cats with noneffusive(DRY, OCULAR) form tend to have more
chronic dz course that is also generally FATAL
prevention
-vaccination
-optimize husbandary practices
> in catteries : separate seronegative cats from seropositive
> in catteries : remove kittens from positive queens and other adult cats at 5-6 week old
> when possible, only seronegative cats should be added to cattery
most cats with positive serologic titers
NEVER DEVELOP FIP
stays in
macrophages
