3. CATS: Feline immunodeficiency virus infection (FIV) (RETROVIRUS) Flashcards
KISSAN IMMUUNIKATO
disease
-viral disease of cats
-feline immunodeficiency virus infection
caused by
Retrovirus
characterized by
chronic immunosuppression
HR
all Felidae
more in
-males than females
> adult male sexually intact free-roaming cats (‘‘fighting cats’’) are at HIGHER risk for infection
adults
more than kittens
> most common infections in more 6 year olds
where
-worldwide
> prevalence higher where more free-roaming cats (Italy, Japan)
> prevalence in U.S ;
-client-owned cats 2.5-6%
-stray cats 3.5-23%
transmission: excretion
-saliva
-blood
ways of transmission
-direct contact
-(in utero)
transmission: route
-via bite wounds
-mating
CS: FIV infection most often occurs
without overt CS
CS: when clinical manifestation occur, usually associated with
-secondary infections that develop due IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
-signs due to neoplasia (increased risk of lymphoma)
-FIV-associated neurologic dysfunction
CS: ACUTE phase
-usually unnoticed but may cause : fever, lethargy or lymphadenopathy
> lasts days to few weeks
CS: LATENT phase
-asymptomatic
> lasts for months to several years
CS: TERMINAL phase (feline AIDS)
CS related to:
- secondary infections: enteric, respiratory, cutaneus or other
- tumors
- infection of CNS - behavioral changes, seizures, paresis
conversion to terminal phase
CANNOT BE PREDICTED
DDx
-FeLV
-toxoplasmosis
-FIP: noneffusive form
diagnosis: material
blood
diagnosis: in the lab
-ELISA (antibodies)
>CAN’T disntinguish antibodies from vaccine and from infection
>up to 8 weeks required to produce antibodies after infection
>kittens: maternal antibodies less 12 weeks
>false-postitives
-PCR
>less 50% false-negatives
FIV-antibody test
- FIV antibody-positive:
>all test confirmed, cats with vaccinated whole-virus = positive, re.test 60d interval - FIV antibody-negative:
>retest ASAP, neg.screening test highly reliable!
Tx
-lifestyle management
> staying INDOORS: prevent transmission and secondary infections
> if secondary infections: ABs
> FIV-positives may have excellent quality of life for years > not reason to euthanasia !!
vaccination
YES !!!!!
agent
-agent: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
> genus Lentivirus
> family Retroviridae
> RNA virus
> 5 serotypes (A-E)
-In Europe A, B, C and D
-one cat can be infected with multiple serotypes at same time = SUPERINFECTION