3. CATS: PANLEUKOPENIA (FPV=Feline Panleukopenia Virus) (PARVOVIRUS) Flashcards
KISSARUTTO
disease
-highly contagious disease of felines
-panleukopenia
caused by
parvovirus
characterized by
acute gastroenteritis and leukopenia
agent, family
-agent: Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)
> family: Parvoviridae
> single stranded non enveloped DNA virus
closely related to
mink enteritis virus and type 2 canine parvoviruses (CPV)
Virus is extremely
-stable in environment
-survives less than 1 year
disinfectants
-bleach
-formaldehyde
HR
-all Felidae
-domestic housecoats, tigers, lions, cheetahs
> also raccoons, ferrets, mink, civet cats
where
worldwide distribution
routine vaccination has
profoundly decreased incidence rates
affects cats of
-ALL ages
> primarily kittens less 1 year old
most infections are
subclinical more than 75%
diagnosed most frequently in dense
-feral or shelter populations
-frequent new animals, low vaccination rates
mortality
highest in young kittens less 5 month old
transmission: excretion
-in all body secretions
-primarily FECES
> can be shed less 6 weeks after recovery
ways of transmission
-direct contact
-fomites
-in utero
route of transmission
-alimentary
-transplacental
CS : most infections are
subclinical
CS: CLASSIC feline enteritis
-kittens and susceptible adults
-IP 2-7 days
-acute onset
-sudden death in ‘‘fading kitten syndrome’’
-vomiting, anorexia and / or diarrhea
-extreme lethargy or depression, hiding
-fever or hypothermia in severe cases
CS: IN UTERO infection
-queens, first trimester
-mummified fetuses
-ataxia and intention tremors noted once kittens start to walk (10-14 days old)
-altered mentation and dullness
-seizures
CS: Central Nervous System (CNS) FORM-kittens
-kittens infected in utero in 2nd or 3rd trimester or up to 9 days postpartum
> neurologic signs are non-progressive - affected kittens can still make good pets
CS: Central Nervous System (CNS) FORM- if mother was infected while pregnant
-cerebellar ataxia, hypermetria, intention tremors
-optic nerve hypoplasia, dark foci/folding/streaking of retina
-mental dullness, behavioral abnormalities
kittens CANNOT have both neurologic signs and signs of enteritis simultaneously from panleukopenia, because …..
neurologic sings occur from In utero infection of dam
PM
-marked dehydration
-bowel loops dilated and thickened, hyperemic walls
-petechiae/ecchymoses on intestinal serial surfaces
-perinatally infected kittens: noticeable small cerebellum
DDX
-gastroenteritis:
>foreign body, other bacterial or viral infections > coronavirus, salmonella spp, clostridium spp, > inflammatory bowel disease > neoplasia > toxin ingestion
-leukopenia:
>feline leukemia virus (FeLV)
>salmonellosis
diagnosis is typically based on
-history
-signalment
-CS
-initial laboratory findings
diagnosis: CBC (Complete Blood Count)
-mild anemia
-leukopenia-especially neutropenia
-thrombocytopenia
diagnosis tests not readily available!
-serologic titers, immunofluorescent antibody testing, PCR, virus isolation
-canine parvoviral fecal ELISA test kit can reliably detect FPV antigen from feces
> false-positives within 2 weeks of vaccination
Tx
-supportive care
> IV fluids, broad-spectrum ABs, antiemetics
-no Tx that will change course of neurologic form
prevention
-vaccination: modified live vaccines are preferred
> 1st at 8 weeks of age
> 2nd and 3rd at 2 and 4 weeks after first vaccination
> 4th at one year of age
control
-strict isolation protocol
-disinfection
prevention
-colostral immunity less than 3 months of age
-immunity towards reinfection
