4. DOGS: Herpesvirus CHV-1 (CANINE HERPESVIRUS) HERPESVIRUS INFECTION

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

-highly contagious disease of canids

-herpesvirus infection

Question 2

caused by

Answer 2

Herpesvirus

Question 3

characterized by

Answer 3

upper airway infection, abortion, vaginitis, and neonatal puppy mortality

Question 4

agent

Answer 4

-agent: canine herpesvirus type 1 (CHV-1)

> genus Varicellovirus

> family Herpesviridae

Question 5

readily inactivated

Answer 5

outside body by heat, drying or disinfectants

Question 6

HR

Answer 6

-domestic dogs

and

-wild canids (coyotes, wolves etc)

Question 7

immunologically naïve pregnant dams (naaraskoirat jotka eivät ole altistuneet tietyn taudin aiheuttajille, ei immunivastetta taudin aiheuttajalle) are most susceptible to

Answer 7

-reproductive effects of CHV-1

> and their offspring are most susceptible to systemic disease
with HIGH puppy mortality

Question 8

risk factors

Answer 8

-immunologic status of dams (pups)

-age

-mating experience

-reproductive cycle

-breedng kennel

-kennel size

-breeding management (use of nonresident males)

-kennel cough

-kennel hygiene

Question 9

persist in

Answer 9

-carrier dogs worldwide as latent infection

> may be exacerbated (pahentua tai voimistua) with:

-STRESS-induced

or

-physiologic/hormone-related immune suppression

Question 10

transmission: excretion

Answer 10

-saliva

-vaginal secretions

Question 11

ways of transmission

Answer 11

-direct contact

-fomites

Question 12

transmission route

Answer 12

oral

Question 13

CS: dogs usually less 2 years old

Answer 13

acute to chronic UPPER RESPIRATORY AIRWAY SIGNS

Question 14

CS: dam

Answer 14

-ABORT litters

> puppy mortality usually 100% if infection occurs during last trimester

Question 15

dam infects litter

Answer 15

-during whelping

> puppy mortality 80-100% if infection is re-exacerbation of latent infection

Question 16

CS: papulovesicular lesions of

Answer 16

external genital organs

Question 17

CS: puppies

Answer 17

-lethargy, fail to nurse > decr. body weight

-soft, yellow-green feces

-nasal discharge: >serous/mucopurulent/hemorrhagic

-mucosal petechia (MM verenvuotoja pienet pisteet limakalvoilla)

-loss of consciousness: opistotonos and seizures before death

Question 18

CS: survival puppies may have

Answer 18

-deafness

-neurologic dysfunction

or

-renal damage

Question 19

DDx

Answer 19

-acute-onset respiratory signs/respiratory distress of upper airway origin:
>canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2)
>Canine parainfluenza
>Bordetella bronchiseptica
>upper airway foreign body

-reproductive disease: >Brucella canis
>Streptococcus spp.
>canine distemper virus (CDV)
>neosporosis
>toxoplasmosis

Question 20

diagnosis: material

Answer 20

-blood

-nasal swabs

-urogenital swabs

-aborted/neonatal dead puppies:
>lung
>bronchial LNs
>liver
>kidney
>spleen (also small intestine and brain)

Question 21

diagnosis: in the lab

Answer 21

-serology

-virus isolation

-PCR

-histopathology

Question 22

Tx: neonatal puppies showing clinical signs is usually

Answer 22

-NOT recommended!

> rapid progression

> poor prognosis

and

> potential for cerebellar and retinal dysplasia in surviving puppies

Question 23

Tx: unaffected litter mates may be

Answer 23

-treated with antiviral drugs

and/or

-CHV-hyper-immune serum

Question 24

prevention

Answer 24

-colostral immunity for 8 weeks

-vaccination

-good hygiene

Question 25

vaccine?

Answer 25

YES