3. CATS: Feline viral rhinotracheitis(FHV-1) (HERPESVIRUS)

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

-highly contagious disease of cats

-feline viral rhinotracheitis

Question 2

caused by

Answer 2

herpesvirus

Question 3

characterized by

Answer 3

keratitis and upper respiratory signs

Question 4

agent, family

Answer 4

-agent: Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1)

-family: herpesviridae

-ubiquitous virus (yleisesti levinnyt maailmalla)

Question 5

survival

Answer 5

does not survive long outside body

Question 6

easily

Answer 6

inactivated

Question 7

HR

Answer 7

-Felines

> domestic and wild

Question 8

affects

Answer 8

ALL ages

Question 9

young kittens undergoing primary exposure

Answer 9

-usually display ulcerative dz

> older cats undergoing viral reactivation may experience ulcerative or non ulcerative recrudescent dz

Question 10

most common cause of

Answer 10

ulcerative and non ulcerative keratitis in cats

Question 11

where

Answer 11

-worldwide distribution

> seroprevalence 97%

Question 12

risk factors

Answer 12

-stress

-corticosteroid administration

-multicat households or shelters

-inadequate vaccination

Question 13

transmission: excretion

Answer 13

-ocular

and

-nasal discharge

Question 14

ways of transmission

Answer 14

-direct contact

-aerosols

-fomites

Question 15

route of transmission

Answer 15

-alimentary

-respiratory

Question 16

approximately 80% of affected cats

Answer 16

-become latently infected for life

> periodic reactivation occurs in about half (50%) of these

Question 17

CS: IP

Answer 17

24-28h

Question 18

CS: OCULAR signs

Answer 18

-keratitis

> ulcerative: most often seen upon INITIAL exposure but also in recurrent forms

> nonulcerative : most often seen in CHRONIC primary or RECURRENT forms

-ocular discharge: serous, mucoid, purulent, sanguineous , or dry and crusty

-conjunctivitis

-blefarospasm

-corneal opaciation

-corneal vascularization, ulceration

Question 19

CS: upper respiratory signs

Answer 19

-nasal congestion

-sneezing

-serous or mucopurulent nasal discharge

Question 20

primary dz is

Answer 20

-self limiting in most cats

> minority experience chronic and/or recrudescent dz

Question 21

DDx

Answer 21

-no other recognized primary feline corneal pathogens

-Chlamydophilia felis - conjunctivitis but no keratitis

-feline calicivirus

-noninfectious corneal dz (immuno-mediated, neoplastic, KCS, foreign body, trauma)-uncommon in cats compared to dogs

Question 22

diagnosis is made based on

Answer 22

visualization of dendritic ulcers, presence of supportive signs, and / or response to therapy

Question 23

serologic titers

Answer 23

are NOT useful because of vaccination and widespread (97%) seroprevalence

Question 24

detection of virus (isolation) or its proteins (immunofluorescent antibody testing) or DNA (PCR) is

Answer 24

of limited value because of number of normal animals that may shed these

-cytology

Question 25

Tx: main

Answer 25

supportive care

Question 26

Tx-ulcerative keratitis

Answer 26

broad-spectrum ABs

Question 27

Tx

Answer 27

-reduce known stress

-reduce overcrowding in multicat situations

Question 28

prevention

Answer 28

-vaccination

> lessens signs but may not reduce recurrences or establishment of latency

-minimize stress

Question 29

also known as

Answer 29

Herpesviral keratitis