4 - 2 Genetics

Question 1

Genetics or Genealogy

Answer 1

The study of genes

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Inheritable traits that are passed on from generation to generation.

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

• Deoxyribonucleic acid

- Genetic code (makes up chromosomes in the nucleus)

Question 4

RNA

Answer 4

• Ribonucleic acid

- Copies pieces of DNA to give the cell instructions about which proteins to make.

Question 5

Examples of “inherited traits”

Answer 5

• Eye color
• Nose shape
• Ears
• Hair color
• Height
• Skin color
• Disease *
• Vision

Question 6

Where are genes found?

Answer 6

Cell -> Nucleus -> Chromosomes -> Genes -> DNA

Question 7

Double Helix

Answer 7

• Structure of DNA

- Made of phosphate and sugar

Question 8

Nitrogen Bases

Answer 8

• Combinations of base pairs create genetic traits

- Like a code (codon)

Question 9

A links to-

Answer 9

T

Question 10

G links to-

Answer 10

C

Question 11

A

Answer 11

Adenine

Question 12

T

Answer 12

Thymine (DNA only)

Question 13

C

Answer 13

Cytosine

Question 14

G

Answer 14

Guanine

Question 15

U

Answer 15

Uracil (RNA only)

Question 16

How does DNA translate into the genetic traits we express?

Answer 16

• The DNA strands separate temporarily.
• RNA nucleotides from the cytoplasm take their place along the DNA nucleotides (**Note → in RNA, thymine (T) is replaced with a different base called uracil (U).)
• RNA nucleotides, in groups of three, are called codons.
• Each codon will produce one of twenty different amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
• Groups of amino acids will develop into the inheritable traits we recognize, such as eye color.