2 - 1 Cell Theory Flashcards
Cell Theory
- All organisms are made of one or more cells.
- A cell is the smallest unit of life, that carries out all 6 life processes.
- All cells come from other cells.
Cell Structures and Function
Organelles are specialized structures that carry out the 6 life processes within a cell. Most cells have the same basic organelles: - Cell membrane -Cytoplasm - Nucleus - Nuclear Envelope (membrane) Two general types of cells: - Animal cell - Plant cell
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell, protects the cell, and maintains its shape.
Cytoplasm - clear fluid
Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell and supports the organelles. Also, helps maintain its shape.
Nucleus
Controls the cell like a brain and contains the chromosomes (DNA).
Nuclear envelope (membrane)
Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.
Mitochondria
Changes chemicals into energy during respiration. Also, considered the “powerhouse” of the cell.
Ribosomes
Makes proteins for the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Tube-like transport system or “subway” of the cell. There are 2 types:
- Smooth - Not covered in ribosomes.
- Rough - Covered in ribosomes.
Golgi apparatus
Packages and sends out proteins or the “UPS” of the cell.
Vacuole
Stores water, food, and waste for the cell. Also, it’s much larger in plant cells.
Cell wall
Surrounds the cell membrane of the plant cell and it provides support and shape. Only found in PLANT CELLS
Chloroplast
- Turns light energy into chemical energy during the process of photosynthesis.
- Gives plants their green color. Only found in PLANT CELLS
Lysosome
Stores digestive enzymes for the cell to break down food.
Centrioles
Aides in cell division in animal cells during mitosis. Only found in ANIMAL CELLS
