37 ATI - Personal Hygiene

Question 1

Personal hygiene needs vary with clients’ health status, social and cultural practices, and the _____ they follow at home.

Answer 1

daily routines

Question 2

For most clients, personal hygiene includes bathing, oral care, nail and foot care, perineal care, hair care, and ______ (especially for men)

Answer 2

shaving

Question 3

Because ______ has a profound effect on overall health, comfort and well-being, it is an integral component of individualized nursing care plans.

Answer 3

personal hygiene

Question 4

When clients become ill, have surgery, or are injured and are unable to manage either won personal hygiene needs, it becomes the _____ responsibility to meet those needs.

Answer 4

nurse’s

Question 5

Before beginning any personal care delivery, it is important to evaluate the client’s _____ to participate in personal hygiene. Encourage clients to participate in any way the can. Integrate assessment, range of motion exercises, and ____ changes wile providing hygiene care.

Answer 5

ability

dressing

Question 6

____ clients to cleanse the body, stimulate circulation, provide relaxation, and enhance healing.

Answer 6

bathe

Question 7

Bathing clients is often delegated to the assisstive personnel. However, the nurse is responsible for ______ and client care.

Answer 7

data collection

Question 8

Bathe clients whose health problems have exhausted them or limited their ____.

Answer 8

mobility

Question 9

Give a _____ to clients who can tolerate it and whose hygiene needs warrant ti.

Answer 9

complete bath

Question 10

______ are useful when clients cannot tolerate a complete bath, need particular cleansing of odorous or uncomfortable areas, or can perform part of the bath independently.

Answer 10

Partial baths

Question 11

________ are used to promote comfort and/or provide treatment, such as soothe itchy skin.

Answer 11

therapeutic baths

Question 12

Proper ____ helps decrease the risk of infection for clients living in long term care facilities, especially from the transmission of pathogens that can cause pneumonia.

Answer 12

oral hygiene

Question 13

____ care prevents kin breakdown, pain, and infection.

Answer 13

foot care

Question 14

Foot care is extremely important for clients who have ______, and a qualified professional must perform it.

Answer 14

diabetes mellitus

Question 15

Perineal care helps maintain skin integrity, ____, and prevent transmission of micro-organisms (catheter care).

Answer 15

relieve discomfort

Question 16

Clients vary in their hygiene preferences and practices. These include bathing routines, oral care, grooming preferences, and ____.

Answer 16

health beliefs

Question 17

_____ also plays an important role, because some cultures have unique hygiene practices. Be sure to be respectful and observant of each client’s specific cultural needs.

Answer 17

Culture

Question 18

Consider the client’s personal ____ regarding hygiene practices.

Answer 18

preference

Question 19

_____ can affect clients’ hygiene status. If a client is homeless, alter discharge instructions and follow up care accordingly.

Answer 19

socioeconomic status

Question 20

Respect each client’s dignity. Many clients are dealing with a loss of ____ when others must provide their hygiene care. Reassure clients and allow them to have as much control as possible.

Answer 20

control

Question 21

Before starting any care, understand how to complete each task to avoid injuring the client. This includes knowing the equipment and what the proper techniques are for each ______.

Answer 21

hygiene procedure

Question 22

Never leave clients in a position where _____ could occur during routine hygiene care.

Answer 22

injury

Question 23

Adjust the bed to a comfortable working height and lower the ___ upon completion of the task.

Answer 23

bed

Question 24

Older adults’ skin is ____, thinner, and will not tolerate as much bathing as younger adults skin.

Answer 24

drier

Question 25

Older adults have higher incidences of ______ and periodontal disease due to the weakening of the periodontal membrane.

Answer 25

infection

Question 26

Dentures must fit correctly, or they can cause ______, pain, and discomfort. Dentures are a client’s personal property. Never leave them on a meal tray or in a place where they could be damaged or lost.

Answer 26

digestive issues

Question 27

______ is common in older adults due to decreased saliva production and the use of certain medication (anti-hypertnesives, diurectics, anto-inflammatory agents, antidepressants)

Answer 27

Dry mouth

Question 28

Poor _______ is often due to dental problems, socioeconomic status, or a limited ability to prepare healthful foods.

Answer 28

nutritional status

Question 29

Inspect the skin for ____, hydration, texture, turgor, and any lesions or other impaired integrity.

Answer 29

color

Question 30

Check the condition of the ____ and teeth for dryness of inflammation of the oral mucosa. Does the client report any pain?

Answer 30

gums

Question 31

Assess the skin surfaces, including the feet and nails, and note the shape and ____ of each foot, any lesions, and areas of dryness or inflammation. Significant alterations can indicate neuropathy and/or vascular insufficiency. Are all pulses palpable and equal bilaterally?

Answer 31

size

Question 32

Identify hygiene preferences to understand how clients perform hygiene at home and what additional ______ and care to provide.

Answer 32

education

Question 33

Monitor for safety issues (altered positioning, decreased mobility) and the ability to participate in self-carre. Alter the plan of care according to the client’s ____.

Answer 33

capabilities

Question 34

Steps to giving a bed bath

Answer 34

Collect supplies, provide for privacy and explain the procedure to the client
Apply gloves
Lock the wheels on the bed
Adjust the bed to a comfortable working position
Place a bath blanket over the client, and remove the client’s gown
Obtain warm bath water
Wash the client’s face first. Allow the client to perform this task if able.
Perform the bath systematically by starting with the client’s trunk and upper extremities and continuing to the client’s lower extremities. Keep cleaned areas covered with a blanket or towel.
Wash with long, firm strokes from distal to proximal. Use light strokes over lower extremities for clients who have a history of deep vein thrombosis
Apply lotion and powder (if neither is contraindicated) and a clean gown
Change water if cool or as indicated, and use fresh water to perform perineal care
Document skin assessment, type of bath, and the client’s response

Question 35

Steps to change linens on an occupied bed

Answer 35

Adjust the bed to a comfortable working height.
Don gloves
Role the bottom linens up in the bottom sheet or mattress pad under the client who is turned on his side, facing the opposite direction. For safety purposes, adjust and lower side rails accordingly.
Apply clean bottom linens tothe bed (draw sheets are optional), and extend them to the middle of the bed with the remainder of the linen fan-folded underneath the client.
Have the client roll over the linens and face the opposite direction, then remove the used linens (keep away from your uniform) and apply the clean linens. make sure the linens are free of wrinkles.
Apply the upper sheet and blanket.
To remove the pillowcase, insert one hand into the opening, grab the pillow, and turn the pillowcase inside-out.
Apply the clean pillowcase by grasping the center of the closed end, turning the case inside-out, fitting the pillow into the corner of the case, and pulling the case until it is right side out over the pillow

Question 36

Steps for foot care

Answer 36

It is important to prevent any infection or pain that can interfere with gait. A qualified professional should perform foot care for clients who have diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease or immunosuppression to evaluate the feet and prevent injury.

Instruct clients at risk for injury to do the following:
Inspect the feet daily, paying specific attention to the area between the toes
Use lukewarm water, and dry the feet thoroughly
Apply moisturizer to the feet, but avoid applying it between the toes.
Avoid over the counter products that contain alcohol or other strong chemicals
Wear clean cotton socks daily
Check shoes for any objects, rough seams, or edges that can cause injury
Cut the nails straight across, and use an emery board to file nail edges.
Avoid self-treating corns or calluses.
Wear comfortable shoes that don’t restrict circulation
Do not apply heat unless prescribed
Contact the provider if any indication of infection or inflammation appear.

Question 37

In perineal care it is important to maintain skin integrity to relieve discomfort and prevent transmission of ____.

Answer 37

infection

Question 38

Principles of perineal care

Answer 38

Provide privacy
Maintain a professional demeanor
Remove any fecal material from the skin
Cleanse the perineal area from front to back (perineum to rectum)
Dry thoroughly
Retract the foreskin of male clients to wash the tip of the penis, clean from the meatus outward in a circular motion, then replace the foreskin

Question 39

Steps of Oral Hygiene

Answer 39

Check for aspiration risk, impaired swallowing or decreased gag reflex.
Clients who have fragile oral mucosa require gentle brushing and flossing
Have suction apparatus ready at the bedside when providing oral hygiene to clients who are unconscious to help prevent aspiration.
Do not place fingers into an unconscious client’s mouth (client could bite down)
Position the client on his side with his head turned toward you in either a semi-fowler’s position, or with the head of the bed flat. This will allow fluid and oral secretions to collect in the dependent side of the client’s mouth and drain out.
Perform denture care for clients who are unable to do so themselves. Dentures are very fragile, so handle with care.
Remove the dentures with a gloved hand, pulling down and out at the front of the upper denture, and lifting up and out at the front of the lower denture.
Place the dentures in a denture cup, emesis basin, or on a washcloth in the sink
Brush in a horizontal back and forth motion with a soft brush and denture cleaner
Rinse dentures in ttepid water.
Store the dentures in a denture cup. label the cup with the client’s name
Place the dentures in the cup with water to keep them moist, or help the client reinsert the dentures.

Question 40

Steps of Nail Care

Answer 40

Observe the size, shape, and condition of the nails and nail beds
Check for cracking, clubbing, and fungus
Before cutting any client’s nails, check the facility’s policy. Some require a prescription from the provider while others allow only a podiatrist or other qualified professional to cut some or all client’s nails.
Foot and nail care vary from the standard when caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus or peripheral vascular disease. Do not soak the feet due to the risk of infection, and do not cut the nails. Instead, file nails using a nail file. DO not apply lotion between the fingers or toes because the moisture can cause cause skin irritation and breakdown.

Question 41

Caring for the hair and scalp is important for clients’ appearance and sense of well being and is an essential component of _______. Take into consideration the client’s cultural and personal preferences.

Answer 41

personal hygiene

Question 42

_____ or comb the hair daily to remove tangles, massage the scalp, stimulate circulation to the scalp, and distribute natural oils along the shaft of the hair. Use a soft bristled brush to prevent injury or trauma to the scalp and wide toothed comb or hair pick to comb through tightly curled hair.

Answer 42

brush

Question 43

For clients who cannot shower but can sit in a chair and lean back, shampoo the hair at the sink. For clients on bed rest, use a plastic shampoo trough. ____ or no rinse shampoos and shampoo caps are also options for clients on bed rest.

Answer 43

dry

Question 44

Start shampooing the hair at the hairline and work toward the ___. To wash the hair on the back of the head, gently life the head with one hand and shampoo with the other.

Answer 44

neck

Question 45

Place a folded or rolled towel behind the neck to pad the edge of the sink. Then rinse, comb, and ___ the hair.

Answer 45

dry

Question 46

Safety is important. Clients who are prone to bleeding receiving anticoagulants, or have _____ should use an electric razor. Soften the skin with warm water. Apply soap or shaving cream. Hold the skin ____. Move the razor over the skin the direction of hair growth using long strokes on large areas of the face and short strokes around the chin and lips. Be sure to communicate with clients about personal shaving preferences.

Answer 46

low platelet counts

taut