14 ATI - Ergonomic Principles Flashcards
Ergonomics is a science that focuses on the factors or qualities in an object’s design or use that contribute to ______, safety, efficiency, and ease of use.
comfort
Using good body mechanics when _____ and moving clients promotes safety for the client and the staff.
positioning
Before attempting to position or move a client, perform a ______. Begin with the easiest movements (ROM) and profess as long as the client ____ its (balance, gait, exercise)
mobility assessment
tolerates
_____ is the use of muscles to maintain balance, posture, and body alignment when performing a physical task.
Body mechanics
Nurses use body mechanics when providing care to clients by lifting, bending, and assisting clients with the _____.
activities of daily living
Body _____ keeps the center of gravity stable, which promotes comfort and reduces strain on the muscles.
alignment
Good body mechanics reduces the risk of injury. Whenever possible, use ______ to lift and transfer clients. Many facilities have “no manual lift” and “no solo lift” policies.
mechanical lift devices
The _____ is the center of a mass.
center of gravity
____ is a quantity of matter on which the force of gravity acts.
weight
To lift an object, it is essential to overcome the ______ of the object and to know the center of gravity of the object.
weight
When the human body is in the upright position, the center of gravity is the ____.
pelvis
When an individual moves, the center of gravity ____.
shifts
The closer the line of gravity is to the center of the base of support, the more ____ the individual is.
stable
To lower the center of gravity, bend the _____.
hips and knees
Spread your feet apart to lower your center of gravity and broaden your base of support. This results in great _____ and balance.
stability
Use the major muscle groups to prevent _____, and tighten the abdominal muscles to increase support to the back muscles.
back strain
Distribute your weight between the large muscles of the arms and legs to ____ strain on any one muscle group and to avoid strain on smaller muscles.
decrease
When lifting an object from the floor, flex your hips, knees and back. Bring the object to _____, bending your knees and keeping your back straight. Stand up while holding the object as _______ to your body, bringing the load to the center of gravity to increase stability and decrease back strain.
thigh level
close as possible
Use _____ whenever possible and seek assistance whenever you need it.
assistive devices
When pushing or pulling a load ______ your base of support
widen
When pushing or pulling a load, when the opportunity allows, pull objects toward the center of gravity rather than _____ them away.
pushing
When pushing a load, move your front foot forward and , if pulling move your rear leg back to _______.
promote stability
When pushing or pulling a load ____ the direction of movement when moving a client.
face
When pushing or pulling a load use your own body as a _____ when pushing or pulling to make the movement easier.
counterweight
Sliding, rolling, and ____ require less energy than lifting and offer less risk for injury.
pushing
Avoid _____ your thoracic spine and bending your back while your hips and knees are straight.
twisting
Have one or more staff members assist with ______ clients. Moving them ____ in bed is a significant cause of back pain and injury.
positioning
up
Plan ahead for activities that require lifting, transfer, and ______ of a client, and ask others to be available to assist.
ambulation
Prepare the ______ by removing obstacles prior to the procedure prior to lifting, transferring, and ambulation. Explain the process to the client and assistants to clarify their roles.
environment
Be aware that the safest way to lift a client is with _______.
assistive equipment
Rest between heavy activities to decrease ________.
muscle fatigue
Maintain ________ and exercise regularly to increase the strength of your arms, legs, back, and abdominal muscles, so these activities will requires less energy.
good posture
Keep your head and neck in a ______with your pelvis to avoid neck flexion and hunched shoulders which can cause impingement of nerves in your neck.
straight line
Use _______ when lifting and moving clients to prevent injury from sudden or jerky muscle movements.
smooth movements
When standing for________ of time, flex your hips and knees by using a footrest. When sitting for long periods of time, keep your knees slightly higher than your hips.
long periods
Avoid ______ movements of the hands, wrists, and shoulders. Take a break every 15 to 20 minutes to flex and stretch joints and muscles.
repetitive
Avoid twisting your ____ or bending at the waist (flexion) to minimize the risk for injury.
spine
________, especially those who are unable to move themselves, so that they maintain good body alignment.
Positioning clients
Frequent position changes prevent discomfort, contractures, ________, and nerve and circulatory damage, and they stimulate postural reflexes and muscle tone.
pressure on tissues
Use pillows, bath blankets, and hand rolls, boots, splints, trochanter rolls, _______, and other aids to maintain proper body alignment.
ankle support devices
Evaluate each situation and use an algorithm to determine the _______ to transfer or move the client. Cane the client bear weight? Can she assist? Is she cooperative?
safest method
Determine the client’s ability to help with _____ (balance, muscle strength, endurance, sue of a trapeze bar).
transfers
Evaluate the need for _______ staff or assistive devices (transfer belt, hydraulic lift, sliding board).
additional
Assess and monitor the use of ________ (canes, walkers, crutches).
mobility aids
Include assistance or mobility aids in the ______ for safe transfers and ambulation.
plan of care
_____ position is when the client lies supine with the head of the bed elevated 15 to 45 (typically 30)
semi-fowler’s
The _____ position prevents regurgitation of enteral feedings and aspiration by clients who have difficulty swallowing.
semi-fowler’s
____ position promotes lung expansion for clients who have dyspnea or are receiving mechanical ventilation.
semi-fowler’s
_____ position is when the client lies supine with the head of the bed elevated 45 to 60.
fowler’s
_____ position is useful during procedures such as nasogastric tube insertion and suctioning. It allows for better chest expansion and ventilation and better dependent drainage after abdominal sugeries.
fowler’s
The ____ position is when the client lies supine with the head of the bed elevated to 60 to 90.
high-fowler’s
The ___ position promotes lung expansion by lowering the diagphragm and thus helps relieve sever dyspnea.
high-fowler’s
____ position helps prevent aspiration during meals.
high-fowler’s
The _______ position when the client lies on his back with his head and shoulders elevated on a pillow and his forearms on pillows or at his side. A foot support prevents foot drop and maintains proper alignment.
supine or dorsal recumbent
___ position is when the client lies flat on his abdomen and chest with his head to one side and his back in correct alignment.
prone
_____ position promotes drainage from the mouth after throat or oral surgery, but inhibits chest expansion. Its for short term use only.
prone
The ____ position helps prevent hip flexion contractures following a lower extremity amputation.
prone
The _____ position is when the client lies on his side with most of his weight on the dependent hip and shoulder and his arms in flexion in front of this body. He should have a pillow under his head and neck, his upper arms, and his legs and thighs to maintain body alignment.
later or side-lying
The _____ position is a good sleeping position, but the client needs turning regularly to prevent the development of pressure ulcers on the dependent areas. A 20 lateral position is essential for clients at risk for pressure ulcers.
later or side-lying
The _____ position is when a client is on his side halfway between lateral and prone positions, with his weight on his anterior ileum, humerus, and clavicle. His lower arm is behind him while his upper arm is in front. Both legs are in flexion but the upper leg is flexed at a greater angle than the lower leg at the hip as well as at the knee.
sims or semi-prone
The _____ position is a comfortable sleeping position for many clients and it promotes oral drainage.
sims or semi prone
____ position is when the client sits in the bed or at the bedside with a pillow on the overbed table, which is across the client’s lap. He rests his arms on the overbed table.
orthopneic
_____ position allows for chest expansion and is especially beneficial for clients who have COPD.
orthopneic
The _____ position is when the entire bed is tilted with the head of the bed lower than the foot of the bed.
trendelenburg
The ____ position facilitates postural drainage and venous return.
trendelenburg
The _____ position is when the bed is tilted with the foot of the bed lower than the head of the bed.
reverse trendelenburg
The _____ position promotes gastric emptying and prevents esophageal reflux.
reverse trendelenburg
The ______ position is when the client remains flat with his legs above the level of his heart.
modified trendelenburg
The _____ position helps prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitates venous return.
modified trendelenburg
