3.6: Adult relationships

Question 1

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks)

Answer 1

Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships

Question 2

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
What is this idea based upon?

Answer 2

This idea is based upon the internal working model

Question 3

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms what?

Answer 3

This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships

Question 4

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
Why is the quality of the child’s first attachment crucial?

Answer 4

The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships

Question 5

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
What will a child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver tend to assume?

Answer 5

A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be

Question 6

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
What will they then do?

Answer 6

They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them

Question 7

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
Example

Answer 7

For example, without either:
1. Being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour)
Or,
2. Being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour)

Question 8

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
What do internal working models also affect?

Answer 8

Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children

Question 9

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
What do people tend to base their parenting style on?

Answer 9

People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model

Question 10

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so what?

Answer 10

People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family

Question 11

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

First AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 11

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research

Question 12

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
Example

Answer 12

For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships

Question 13

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
What did the results of the quiz show?

Answer 13

The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship

Question 14

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship.
What does this therefore show?

Answer 14

This therefore shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships

Question 15

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship.
This therefore shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships.

Second AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 15

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality

Question 16

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship.
This therefore shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality.
What is the implication?

Answer 16

The implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment

Question 17

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship.
This therefore shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality.
The implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment.
However, what are there alternative explanations for?

Answer 17

However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships

Question 18

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship.
This therefore shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality.
The implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment.
However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like what?

Answer 18

However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like the temperament hypothesis that sees the quality of adult relationships as being determined biologically from innate personality

Question 19

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship.
This therefore shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality.
The implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment.
However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like the temperament hypothesis that sees the quality of adult relationships as being determined biologically from innate personality.
Example

Answer 19

For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others or more sociable than others, as a result of their genetic make up

Question 20

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship.
This therefore shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality.
The implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment.
However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like the temperament hypothesis that sees the quality of adult relationships as being determined biologically from innate personality.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others or more sociable than others, as a result of their genetic make up.
What may this influence?

Answer 20

This may influence both their infant attachment and the quality of later relationships

Question 21

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship.
This therefore shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality.
The implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment.
However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like the temperament hypothesis that sees the quality of adult relationships as being determined biologically from innate personality.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others or more sociable than others, as a result of their genetic make up.
This may influence both their infant attachment and the quality of later relationships.
What does this show?

Answer 21

This shows that early attachment doesn’t affect adult relationships

Question 22

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship.
This therefore shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality.
The implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment.
However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like the temperament hypothesis that sees the quality of adult relationships as being determined biologically from innate personality.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others or more sociable than others, as a result of their genetic make up.
This may influence both their infant attachment and the quality of later relationships.
This shows that early attachment doesn’t affect adult relationships.

Third AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 22

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that people base their parenting style on their internal working model and this is supported by research

Question 23

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship.
This therefore shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality.
The implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment.
However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like the temperament hypothesis that sees the quality of adult relationships as being determined biologically from innate personality.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others or more sociable than others, as a result of their genetic make up.
This may influence both their infant attachment and the quality of later relationships.
This shows that early attachment doesn’t affect adult relationships.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that people base their parenting style on their internal working model and this is supported by research.
Example

Answer 23

For example, Bailey et al. assessed 99 mothers and infants using the Strange Situation and interviews and found that the majority of mothers had the same attachment type with their infant as with their mother

Question 24

Describe and evaluate the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (16 marks).
Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis sees children’s attachment types being reflected in their later relationships.
This idea is based upon the internal working model, where an infant’s primary attachment forms a model (template) for future relationships.
The quality of the child’s first attachment is crucial, because this template will powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships.
A child whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to assume that this is how relationships are meant to be.
They will then seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them.
For example, without either being too uninvolved or being too emotionally close (which would typify type A behaviour) or being controlling and argumentative (type C behaviour).
Internal working models also affect the child’s ability to parent their own children.
People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model, so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of a family.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that individuals who form secure infant attachments go on to enjoy loving, long-lasting adult relationships and this is supported by research.
For example, Hazan and Shaver created a Love Quiz, which assessed attitudes about adults’ emotional relationships.
The results of the quiz showed that individuals who experienced poor quality attachment during infancy were less likely to value or hold down a serious, long-term relationship.
This therefore shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality.
The implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment.
However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like the temperament hypothesis that sees the quality of adult relationships as being determined biologically from innate personality.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others or more sociable than others, as a result of their genetic make up.
This may influence both their infant attachment and the quality of later relationships.
This shows that early attachment doesn’t affect adult relationships.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that people base their parenting style on their internal working model and this is supported by research.
For example, Bailey et al. assessed 99 mothers and infants using the Strange Situation and interviews and found that the majority of mothers had the same attachment type with their infant as with their mother.
What does this show?

Answer 24

This shows that early attachment does affect adult relationships

Question 25

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks)

Answer 25

McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type

Question 26

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. What did those assessed as securely attached infants have?

Answer 26

Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships

Question 27

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. What did adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants have particular problems doing?

Answer 27

Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships

Question 28

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant what?

Answer 28

Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships

Question 29

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. What did Kirkpatrick and Davis do?

Answer 29

Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships

Question 30

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of what?

Answer 30

Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model

Question 31

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. First AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 31

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed

Question 32

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed. What do some studies, like that by McCarthy, do?

Answer 32

Some studies, like that by McCarthy, do appear to support continuity and so provide evidence to support internal working models

Question 33

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed. Some studies, like that by McCarthy, do appear to support continuity and so provide evidence to support internal working models. However, what?

Answer 33

However, not all studies support internal working models

Question 34

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed. Some studies, like that by McCarthy, do appear to support continuity and so provide evidence to support internal working models. However, not all studies support internal working models. For example, Zimmerman et al. found that attachment style at 12 - 18 months of age did not predict the quality of later relationships and that life events experienced, such as what, had a much larger influence?

Answer 34

For example, Zimmerman et al. found that attachment style at 12 - 18 months of age did not predict the quality of later relationships and that life events experienced, such as parental divorce, had a much larger influence

Question 35

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed. Some studies, like that by McCarthy, do appear to support continuity and so provide evidence to support internal working models. However, not all studies support internal working models. For example, Zimmerman et al. found that attachment style at 12 - 18 months of age did not predict the quality of later relationships and that life events experienced, such as parental divorce, had a much larger influence. What does this show?

Answer 35

This shows that early attachment doesn't affect adult relationships

Question 36

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed. Some studies, like that by McCarthy, do appear to support continuity and so provide evidence to support internal working models. However, not all studies support internal working models. For example, Zimmerman et al. found that attachment style at 12 - 18 months of age did not predict the quality of later relationships and that life events experienced, such as parental divorce, had a much larger influence. This shows that early attachment doesn't affect adult relationships. Second AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 36

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality

Question 37

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed. Some studies, like that by McCarthy, do appear to support continuity and so provide evidence to support internal working models. However, not all studies support internal working models. For example, Zimmerman et al. found that attachment style at 12 - 18 months of age did not predict the quality of later relationships and that life events experienced, such as parental divorce, had a much larger influence. This shows that early attachment doesn't affect adult relationships. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality. With Kirkpatrick and Davis' study, what is the implication?

Answer 37

With Kirkpatrick and Davis' study, the implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment

Question 38

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed. Some studies, like that by McCarthy, do appear to support continuity and so provide evidence to support internal working models. However, not all studies support internal working models. For example, Zimmerman et al. found that attachment style at 12 - 18 months of age did not predict the quality of later relationships and that life events experienced, such as parental divorce, had a much larger influence. This shows that early attachment doesn't affect adult relationships. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality. With Kirkpatrick and Davis' study, the implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment. However, what?

Answer 38

However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships

Question 39

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed. Some studies, like that by McCarthy, do appear to support continuity and so provide evidence to support internal working models. However, not all studies support internal working models. For example, Zimmerman et al. found that attachment style at 12 - 18 months of age did not predict the quality of later relationships and that life events experienced, such as parental divorce, had a much larger influence. This shows that early attachment doesn't affect adult relationships. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality. With Kirkpatrick and Davis' study, the implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment. However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like what?

Answer 39

However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like the temperament hypothesis that sees the quality of adult relationships as being determined biologically from innate personality

Question 40

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed. Some studies, like that by McCarthy, do appear to support continuity and so provide evidence to support internal working models. However, not all studies support internal working models. For example, Zimmerman et al. found that attachment style at 12 - 18 months of age did not predict the quality of later relationships and that life events experienced, such as parental divorce, had a much larger influence. This shows that early attachment doesn't affect adult relationships. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality. With Kirkpatrick and Davis' study, the implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment. However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like the temperament hypothesis that sees the quality of adult relationships as being determined biologically from innate personality. Example

Answer 40

For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others or more sociable than others, as a result of their genetic make up

Question 41

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed. Some studies, like that by McCarthy, do appear to support continuity and so provide evidence to support internal working models. However, not all studies support internal working models. For example, Zimmerman et al. found that attachment style at 12 - 18 months of age did not predict the quality of later relationships and that life events experienced, such as parental divorce, had a much larger influence. This shows that early attachment doesn't affect adult relationships. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality. With Kirkpatrick and Davis' study, the implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment. However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like the temperament hypothesis that sees the quality of adult relationships as being determined biologically from innate personality. For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others or more sociable than others, as a result of their genetic make up. What may this do?

Answer 41

This may influence both their infant attachment and the quality of later relationships

Question 42

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships (12 marks). McCarthy studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were infants to establish their early attachment type. Those assessed as securely attached infants had the best adult friendships and romantic relationships. Adults classed as insecure-resistant as infants had particular problems maintaining friendships, whilst those classed as insecure-avoidant struggled with intimacy in romantic relationships. Kirkpatrick and Davis studied 300 dating couples for 3 years, finding that those identified as having secure childhood attachments were more likely to have stable and satisfying relationships, supporting the idea of continuity from an internal working model. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed. Some studies, like that by McCarthy, do appear to support continuity and so provide evidence to support internal working models. However, not all studies support internal working models. For example, Zimmerman et al. found that attachment style at 12 - 18 months of age did not predict the quality of later relationships and that life events experienced, such as parental divorce, had a much larger influence. This shows that early attachment doesn't affect adult relationships. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that association does not mean causality. With Kirkpatrick and Davis' study, the implication is that infant attachment type causes the attachment. However, there are alternative explanations for the continuity that often exists between infant and later relationships, like the temperament hypothesis that sees the quality of adult relationships as being determined biologically from innate personality. For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others or more sociable than others, as a result of their genetic make up. This may influence both their infant attachment and the quality of later relationships. What does this show?

Answer 42

This shows that early attachment doesn't affect adult relationships