3.4: Ainsworth's 'Strange Situation' Flashcards
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks)
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
What is it a series of?
It is a series of 3 minute episodes
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
Example
For example:
- The mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom
- The child is encouraged to explore
- A stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child
- The mother leaves the child and the stranger together
- The mother returns and the stranger leaves
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
What is recorded?
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as what?
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as:
- Proximity-seeking
- Stranger anxiety
- Response to reunion
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
What does the analysis of the observation lead to?
Analysis of the observation leads to measuring the infant's type of attachment as either: 1. Insecure-avoidant 2. Securely attached Or, 3. Insecure-resistant
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
What did Ainsworth conclude?
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy.
Where has the method been employed?
The method has been employed in studies all over the world
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy.
The method has been employed in studies all over the world - what?
The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy.
The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example.
Initially, why was the sample biased?
Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy.
The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example.
Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since what?
Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore what?
Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, why?
Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, what?
Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research. What does this mean?
This means that the Strange Situation is reliable
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research. This means that the Strange Situation is reliable.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that temperament, the genetically influenced personality of the child, is a more important influence on behaviour in the Strange Situation than attachment
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research. This means that the Strange Situation is reliable.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that temperament, the genetically influenced personality of the child, is a more important influence on behaviour in the Strange Situation than attachment.
Example
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others and that some babies are more sociable than others as a result of their genetic make-up
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research. This means that the Strange Situation is reliable.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that temperament, the genetically influenced personality of the child, is a more important influence on behaviour in the Strange Situation than attachment.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others and that some babies are more sociable than others as a result of their genetic make-up.
What does this mean?
This means that temperament may be a confounding variable
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research. This means that the Strange Situation is reliable.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that temperament, the genetically influenced personality of the child, is a more important influence on behaviour in the Strange Situation than attachment.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others and that some babies are more sociable than others as a result of their genetic make-up.
This means that temperament may be a confounding variable and so what?
This means that temperament may be a confounding variable and so challenges the validity of the Strange Situation
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research. This means that the Strange Situation is reliable.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that temperament, the genetically influenced personality of the child, is a more important influence on behaviour in the Strange Situation than attachment.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others and that some babies are more sociable than others as a result of their genetic make-up.
This means that temperament may be a confounding variable and so challenges the validity of the Strange Situation.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Ainsworth only developed 3 attachment types – Insecure-avoidant, secure and insecure-resistant
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research. This means that the Strange Situation is reliable.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that temperament, the genetically influenced personality of the child, is a more important influence on behaviour in the Strange Situation than attachment.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others and that some babies are more sociable than others as a result of their genetic make-up.
This means that temperament may be a confounding variable and so challenges the validity of the Strange Situation.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Ainsworth only developed 3 attachment types – Insecure-avoidant, secure and insecure-resistant.
What have other psychologists found?
Other psychologists have found that some children do not fall into these 3 attachment types
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research. This means that the Strange Situation is reliable.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that temperament, the genetically influenced personality of the child, is a more important influence on behaviour in the Strange Situation than attachment.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others and that some babies are more sociable than others as a result of their genetic make-up.
This means that temperament may be a confounding variable and so challenges the validity of the Strange Situation.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Ainsworth only developed 3 attachment types – Insecure-avoidant, secure and insecure-resistant.
Other psychologists have found that some children do not fall into these 3 attachment types.
Where does their behaviour fall?
Their behaviour falls into different categories that were not identified by Ainsworth
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research. This means that the Strange Situation is reliable.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that temperament, the genetically influenced personality of the child, is a more important influence on behaviour in the Strange Situation than attachment.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others and that some babies are more sociable than others as a result of their genetic make-up.
This means that temperament may be a confounding variable and so challenges the validity of the Strange Situation.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Ainsworth only developed 3 attachment types – Insecure-avoidant, secure and insecure-resistant.
Other psychologists have found that some children do not fall into these 3 attachment types.
Their behaviour falls into different categories that were not identified by Ainsworth.
Example
For example, disorganised or disinhibited attachment
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research. This means that the Strange Situation is reliable.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that temperament, the genetically influenced personality of the child, is a more important influence on behaviour in the Strange Situation than attachment.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others and that some babies are more sociable than others as a result of their genetic make-up.
This means that temperament may be a confounding variable and so challenges the validity of the Strange Situation.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Ainsworth only developed 3 attachment types – Insecure-avoidant, secure and insecure-resistant.
Other psychologists have found that some children do not fall into these 3 attachment types.
Their behaviour falls into different categories that were not identified by Ainsworth.
For example, disorganised or disinhibited attachment.
Therefore, what?
Therefore, the Strange Situation cannot be generalised to all children
Discuss the Strange Situation (16 marks).
The Strange Situation is an observation in a controlled environment.
It is a series of 3 minute episodes.
For example, the mother and the child enter an unfamiliar playroom, the child is encouraged to explore, a stranger comes in and tries to interact with the child, the mother leaves the child and the stranger together and the mother returns and the stranger leaves.
The child’s response in the different stages is recorded, such as proximity-seeking, stranger anxiety and response to reunion.
The analysis of the observations leads to measuring the infant’s type of attachment as either insecure-avoidant, securely attached or insecure-resistant.
Ainsworth concluded that the type of attachment is related to sensitive responsiveness.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that replication of the controlled conditions in the Strange Situation is easy. The method has been employed in studies all over the world - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis used the Strange Situation, for example. Initially, the sample was biased, because it was ethnocentric, since all 106 infants used were American, white and middle-class and the study therefore lacked population validity and generalisability, as the sample used was not representative of all infants, but, because replication was easy, researchers were able to carry out cross-cultural research. This means that the Strange Situation is reliable.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that temperament, the genetically influenced personality of the child, is a more important influence on behaviour in the Strange Situation than attachment.
For example, Kagan suggests that some babies are more anxious than others and that some babies are more sociable than others as a result of their genetic make-up.
This means that temperament may be a confounding variable and so challenges the validity of the Strange Situation.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Ainsworth only developed 3 attachment types – Insecure-avoidant, secure and insecure-resistant.
Other psychologists have found that some children do not fall into these 3 attachment types.
Their behaviour falls into different categories that were not identified by Ainsworth.
For example, disorganised or disinhibited attachment.
Therefore, the Strange Situation cannot be generalised to all children, why?
Therefore, the Strange Situation cannot be generalised to all children, as some children have different attachment types
