3.1: The role of the father

Question 1

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks)

Answer 1

Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited

Question 2

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).

Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, why?

Answer 2

Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children

Question 3

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, what do psychologists disagree over?

Answer 3

Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father

Question 4

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
What do some researchers claim?

Answer 4

Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment

Question 5

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
What do such psychologists point to?

Answer 5

Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women

Question 6

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are what?

Answer 6

Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children

Question 7

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
What do other researchers argue?

Answer 7

Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role

Question 8

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as what?

Answer 8

Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate

Question 9

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, what do some researchers argue?

Answer 9

Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness

Question 10

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can do what?

Answer 10

Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond

Question 11

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

First AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 11

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment

Question 12

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment.
Example

Answer 12

For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress

Question 13

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment.
For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress, which suggests what?

Answer 13

For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress, which suggests that males are less suitable as prime attachment figures

Question 14

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment.
For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress, which suggests that males are less suitable as prime attachment figures.
What does this show?

Answer 14

This shows that the role of the father is, to some extent, biologically determined and that a father’s role is restricted because of their biological makeup

Question 15

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment.
For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress, which suggests that males are less suitable as prime attachment figures.
This shows that the role of the father is, to some extent, biologically determined and that a father’s role is restricted because of their biological makeup.
However, what?

Answer 15

However, Lamb found that fathers who become primary caregivers are able to quickly develop more sensitivity to children’s needs

Question 16

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment.
For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress, which suggests that males are less suitable as prime attachment figures.
This shows that the role of the father is, to some extent, biologically determined and that a father’s role is restricted because of their biological makeup.
However, Lamb found that fathers who become primary caregivers are able to quickly develop more sensitivity to children’s needs.
What does this suggest?

Answer 16

This suggests that sensitive responsiveness isn’t a biological ability limited to women

Question 17

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment.
For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress, which suggests that males are less suitable as prime attachment figures.
This shows that the role of the father is, to some extent, biologically determined and that a father’s role is restricted because of their biological makeup.
However, Lamb found that fathers who become primary caregivers are able to quickly develop more sensitivity to children’s needs.
This suggests that sensitive responsiveness isn’t a biological ability limited to women.

Second AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 17

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is also research support for the role of the father as a playmate

Question 18

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment.
For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress, which suggests that males are less suitable as prime attachment figures.
This shows that the role of the father is, to some extent, biologically determined and that a father’s role is restricted because of their biological makeup.
However, Lamb found that fathers who become primary caregivers are able to quickly develop more sensitivity to children’s needs.
This suggests that sensitive responsiveness isn’t a biological ability limited to women.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is also research support for the role of the father as a playmate.
Example

Answer 18

For example, Geiger found that fathers’ play interactions are more exciting and pleasurable than mothers’, while mothers are more nurturing and affectionate

Question 19

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment.
For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress, which suggests that males are less suitable as prime attachment figures.
This shows that the role of the father is, to some extent, biologically determined and that a father’s role is restricted because of their biological makeup.
However, Lamb found that fathers who become primary caregivers are able to quickly develop more sensitivity to children’s needs.
This suggests that sensitive responsiveness isn’t a biological ability limited to women.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is also research support for the role of the father as a playmate.
For example, Geiger found that fathers’ play interactions are more exciting and pleasurable than mothers’, while mothers are more nurturing and affectionate.
What does this suggest?

Answer 19

This suggests that the role of the father is, in fact, as a playmate and not as a sensitive parent who responds to the needs of their children

Question 20

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment.
For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress, which suggests that males are less suitable as prime attachment figures.
This shows that the role of the father is, to some extent, biologically determined and that a father’s role is restricted because of their biological makeup.
However, Lamb found that fathers who become primary caregivers are able to quickly develop more sensitivity to children’s needs.
This suggests that sensitive responsiveness isn’t a biological ability limited to women.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is also research support for the role of the father as a playmate.
For example, Geiger found that fathers’ play interactions are more exciting and pleasurable than mothers’, while mothers are more nurturing and affectionate.
This suggests that the role of the father is, in fact, as a playmate and not as a sensitive parent who responds to the needs of their children.

Third AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 20

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, there is research support for fathers being able to form secure attachments with their children if they are in an intimate or close marriage

Question 21

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment.
For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress, which suggests that males are less suitable as prime attachment figures.
This shows that the role of the father is, to some extent, biologically determined and that a father’s role is restricted because of their biological makeup.
However, Lamb found that fathers who become primary caregivers are able to quickly develop more sensitivity to children’s needs.
This suggests that sensitive responsiveness isn’t a biological ability limited to women.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is also research support for the role of the father as a playmate.
For example, Geiger found that fathers’ play interactions are more exciting and pleasurable than mothers’, while mothers are more nurturing and affectionate.
This suggests that the role of the father is, in fact, as a playmate and not as a sensitive parent who responds to the needs of their children.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, there is research support for fathers being able to form secure attachments with their children if they are in an intimate or close marriage.
Example

Answer 21

For example, Belsky et al. found that high levels of marital intimacy was related to secure father-infant attachments and that low levels of marital intimacy was related to insecure father-infant attachments

Question 22

Discuss the role of the father in attachment (16 marks).
Traditionally, the role of the father in attachment would have been limited, as they would’ve gone to work to earn money to provide for the family, while the mothers took care of the children.
Although the role of the father has changed significantly recently, psychologists disagree over the exact role of the father.
Some researchers claim that men are simply not equipped to form an attachment.
Such psychologists point to biological evidence that suggests that the hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour in women and the lack of oestrogen in men is why they are unable to form a close attachment with their children.
Other researchers argue that fathers do not take on a caregiver role and, in fact, provide a different role, as a playmate.
Finally, some researchers argue that fathers can react to the needs of their children and demonstrate sensitive responsiveness and thus can form a strong emotional bond.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for fathers not providing a sensitive or nurturing environment.
For example, Hrdy found that fathers are less able than mothers to detect low levels of infant distress, which suggests that males are less suitable as prime attachment figures.
This shows that the role of the father is, to some extent, biologically determined and that a father’s role is restricted because of their biological makeup.
However, Lamb found that fathers who become primary caregivers are able to quickly develop more sensitivity to children’s needs.
This suggests that sensitive responsiveness isn’t a biological ability limited to women.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is also research support for the role of the father as a playmate.
For example, Geiger found that fathers’ play interactions are more exciting and pleasurable than mothers’, while mothers are more nurturing and affectionate.
This suggests that the role of the father is, in fact, as a playmate and not as a sensitive parent who responds to the needs of their children.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, there is research support for fathers being able to form secure attachments with their children if they are in an intimate or close marriage.
For example, Belsky et al. found that high levels of marital intimacy was related to secure father-infant attachments and that low levels of marital intimacy was related to insecure father-infant attachments.
What does this suggest?

Answer 22

This suggests that males can form secure attachments with their children, but that the strength of the attachment depends on the father and mother relationship

Question 23

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks)

Answer 23

Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old

Question 24

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to what?

Answer 24

The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence

Question 25

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting what?

Answer 25

The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important

Question 26

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, what?

Answer 26

However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments

Question 27

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
What does this suggest?

Answer 27

This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing

Question 28

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

What did Field do?

Answer 28

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers

Question 29

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
What did primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spend more time doing?

Answer 29

Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers

Question 30

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
What is key to attachment?

Answer 30

The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment

Question 31

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

First AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 31

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment

Question 32

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
Example

Answer 32

For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures

Question 33

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, why?

Answer 33

For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role

Question 34

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Why are others more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers?

Answer 34

Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role

Question 35

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
Why is this a problem?

Answer 35

This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

Question 36

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

Second AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 36

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that there are numerous influences that might impact on a child’s emotional development

Question 37

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that there are numerous influences that might impact on a child’s emotional development.
Example

Answer 37

For example, their culture, the father’s beliefs, the father’s age, the amount of time the father spends away from home, the father’s sensitivity, marital intimacy, ect

Question 38

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that there are numerous influences that might impact on a child’s emotional development.
For example, their culture, the father’s beliefs, the father’s age, the amount of time the father spends away from home, the father’s sensitivity, marital intimacy, ect.
What is it difficult to do?

Answer 38

It is difficult to control all of these variables

Question 39

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that there are numerous influences that might impact on a child’s emotional development.
For example, their culture, the father’s beliefs, the father’s age, the amount of time the father spends away from home, the father’s sensitivity, marital intimacy, ect.
It is difficult to control all of these variables and therefore what is it difficult to do?

Answer 39

It is difficult to control all of these variables and therefore it is difficult to draw conclusions about the role of the father

Question 40

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that there are numerous influences that might impact on a child’s emotional development.
For example, their culture, the father’s beliefs, the father’s age, the amount of time the father spends away from home, the father’s sensitivity, marital intimacy, ect.
It is difficult to control all of these variables and therefore it is difficult to draw conclusions about the role of the father.

Third AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 40

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that it doesn’t explain why fathers don’t generally become primary attachment figures

Question 41

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that there are numerous influences that might impact on a child’s emotional development.
For example, their culture, the father’s beliefs, the father’s age, the amount of time the father spends away from home, the father’s sensitivity, marital intimacy, ect.
It is difficult to control all of these variables and therefore it is difficult to draw conclusions about the role of the father.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that it doesn’t explain why fathers don’t generally become primary attachment figures.
What could this be due to?

Answer 41

This could be due to the result of traditional gender roles

Question 42

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that there are numerous influences that might impact on a child’s emotional development.
For example, their culture, the father’s beliefs, the father’s age, the amount of time the father spends away from home, the father’s sensitivity, marital intimacy, ect.
It is difficult to control all of these variables and therefore it is difficult to draw conclusions about the role of the father.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that it doesn’t explain why fathers don’t generally become primary attachment figures.
This could be due to the result of traditional gender roles, in which women are expected to be what?

Answer 42

This could be due to the result of traditional gender roles, in which women are expected to be more caring and nurturing than men

Question 43

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that there are numerous influences that might impact on a child’s emotional development.
For example, their culture, the father’s beliefs, the father’s age, the amount of time the father spends away from home, the father’s sensitivity, marital intimacy, ect.
It is difficult to control all of these variables and therefore it is difficult to draw conclusions about the role of the father.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that it doesn’t explain why fathers don’t generally become primary attachment figures.
This could be due to the result of traditional gender roles, in which women are expected to be more caring and nurturing than men.
Therefore, what?

Answer 43

Therefore, fathers simply don’t feel they should act like that

Question 44

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that there are numerous influences that might impact on a child’s emotional development.
For example, their culture, the father’s beliefs, the father’s age, the amount of time the father spends away from home, the father’s sensitivity, marital intimacy, ect.
It is difficult to control all of these variables and therefore it is difficult to draw conclusions about the role of the father.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that it doesn’t explain why fathers don’t generally become primary attachment figures.
This could be due to the result of traditional gender roles, in which women are expected to be more caring and nurturing than men.
Therefore, fathers simply don’t feel they should act like that.
On the other hand, what?

Answer 44

On the other hand, it could be that female hormones create high levels of nurturing

Question 45

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that there are numerous influences that might impact on a child’s emotional development.
For example, their culture, the father’s beliefs, the father’s age, the amount of time the father spends away from home, the father’s sensitivity, marital intimacy, ect.
It is difficult to control all of these variables and therefore it is difficult to draw conclusions about the role of the father.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that it doesn’t explain why fathers don’t generally become primary attachment figures.
This could be due to the result of traditional gender roles, in which women are expected to be more caring and nurturing than men.
Therefore, fathers simply don’t feel they should act like that.
On the other hand, it could be that female hormones, like what, create high levels of nurturing?

Answer 45

On the other hand, it could be that female hormones, like oestrogen, create high levels of nurturing

Question 46

Discuss research into the role of the father (16 marks).
Grossman conducted a longitudinal study of 44 families when the children were 6, 10 and 16 years old.
The quality of infant attachments with mothers, but not fathers, was related to attachments in adolescence, suggesting that father attachment was less important.
However, the quality of the fathers’ play with infants was related to the quality of adolescent attachments.
This suggests that fathers play a different role in attachment, that of play and stimulation, not nurturing.

Field filmed 4 month old babies with face-to-face interactions, with primary caregiver mothers, primary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers.
Primary caregiver fathers, like primary caregiver mothers, spent more time smiling at, imitating and holding infants, compared to secondary caregiver fathers.
The level of responsiveness, not gender, is key to attachment.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a weakness of research into the role of the father is inconsistent findings on the role of fathers in attachment.
For example, some psychologists are interested in the role fathers have as secondary attachment figures, as they see fathers as behaving differently from mothers and having a distinct role.
Others are more concerned with fathers as primary caregivers, as they see that fathers can take on a ‘maternal’ role.
This is a problem, because it means that psychologists cannot easily answer a simple question people often ask - What is the role of the father?

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that there are numerous influences that might impact on a child’s emotional development.
For example, their culture, the father’s beliefs, the father’s age, the amount of time the father spends away from home, the father’s sensitivity, marital intimacy, ect.
It is difficult to control all of these variables and therefore it is difficult to draw conclusions about the role of the father.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of research into the role of the father is that it doesn’t explain why fathers don’t generally become primary attachment figures.
This could be due to the result of traditional gender roles, in which women are expected to be more caring and nurturing than men.
Therefore, fathers simply don’t feel they should act like that.
On the other hand, it could be that female hormones, like oestrogen, create high levels of nurturing and therefore what?

Answer 46

On the other hand, it could be that female hormones, like oestrogen, create high levels of nurturing and therefore females are biologically pre-disposed to be the primary attachment figure