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OCR Gateway A Level Biology > 3.1 Biological Elements > Flashcards

3.1 Biological Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

6 most abundant elements in biological molecules

A 
Carbon 
Hydrogen 
Oxygen 
Nitrogen 
Phosphorus 
Sulphur
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2
Q

What is an anion?

A

Negative ion formed by gain of electrons

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3
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positive ion formed by the loss of electrons

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4
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

Ions in solution

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5
Q

Role of Ca2+ ions

A

Nerve impulse transmission
Muscle contraction
Building and maintaining strong bones

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6
Q

Role of Na+ ion

A 
Sodium Potassium pump 
Nerve impulse transmission 
Kidney function by absorbing glucose 
Regulate water levels in tissues and blood 
Help maintain turgidity of vacuoles
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7
Q

Role of K+ ion

A

Sodium Potassium pump
Nerve impulse transmission
Stomatal opening
Release beta cells from the pancreas

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8
Q

Role of H+ ions

A

Catalyse reactions
Determines pH
Involved in energy production

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9
Q

Role of NH4+ ions

A

Production of nitrate ions by bacteria

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10
Q

Role of NO3- ions

A

Nitrogen supply to plants to produce amino acids and proteins
Increases uptake of oxygen
Improves blood pressure

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11
Q

Role of HCO3- ions

A

Maintains blood pH

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12
Q

Role of Cl- ions

A

Balance positive charge of Sodium and Potassium ions in cells
Balances fluid levels inside and outside of cells
Maintains blood pressure and volume
Used in the kidney to produce concentrated urine
HCl in the stomach

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13
Q

Role of PO4 3- ions

A 
Formation of the cell membrane 
Nucleic acid and ATP formation 
Formation of bones 
Helps root growth in plants 
Component of exoskeleton in crustaceans
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14
Q

Role of OH- ions

A

Catalysis of reaction

Determines pH

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15
Q

4 types of biological molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

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16
Q

What elements are carbohydrates made of?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

17
Q

What elements are lipids made of?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

18
Q

What elements are proteins made of?

A 
Carbon 
Hydrogen 
Oxygen 
Nitrogen 
Sulphur
19
Q

What elements are nucleic acids made of?

A 
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen 
Nitrogen 
Phosphorous
20
Q

What are polymers?

A

Long chain molecules made by many monomers joining together in a repeating pattern

OCR Gateway A Level Biology (78 decks)

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