308 Drug handling in pregnancy and breast feeding Flashcards
Which types of drugs are teratogenic?
Vitamin A derivatives
Alcohol
Tetracyclines
Warfarin
Antitiotics
Antithyroid drugs
Anticonvulsants
Antihypertensives
Lithium
Herbal remedies
What are the Pharmacological risks of NSAID use during pregnancy?
At around 30 weeks, NSAIDs can cause a problem that may result in heart issues in the unborn baby
Affect foetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios and, in some cases, neonatal renal impairment
What are the Pharmacological risks of opioid use during pregnancy?
Preterm birth
Stillbirth
Maternal mortality
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)
What is Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)?
A group of conditions caused when a baby withdraws from certain drugs he’s exposed to in the womb before birth
What are the Pharmacological risks of antidepressant use during pregnancy?
-There is evidence that taking SSRIs early in pregnancy slightly increases the risk of your baby developing heart defects, spina bifida or cleft lip
-Increased risk of miscarriage and premature birth
-Slightly increased risk of blood loss after childbirth
What are some effects of pregnancy on drug absorption?
Reduced gastric emptying
Reduced small intestinal motility
Enhanced effect via inhalation
Enhanced effect via intramuscular route
What are some effects of pregnancy on drug volume of distribution?
Increased Vd during pregnancy
May affect the loading dose of drugs
What are some effects of pregnancy on drug protein binding?
Reduced maternal albumin concentrations
May affect levels of highly protein bound drugs
What are some effects of pregnancy on drug metabolism?
-Induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes
-Competitive inhibition of some cytochrome P450 enzymes
-Cholestasis
What is cholestasis?
Reduced or stopped bile flow
What are some effects of pregnancy on drug clearance?
Increased renal plasma flow during pregnancy
