306 CAHMS and neurodiversity Flashcards
What is meant by temperament?
The behavioural style which determines how people react to situations, and expresses and regulates emotions
What is ADHD?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
A neurodevelopmental condition or difference
Symptoms:
Impaired attention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
What is the treatment for ADHD?
-psychoeducation
-Social and behavioural interventions at home and school
-CBT for adolescents
Medication:
1st line- methylphenidate (Ritalin) (e.g. concerta, medikinet)
2nd line – examfetamine/lisdexamfetamine
3rd line – atomoxetine (nonstimulant)
Manages the symptoms not the person
What are some co-morbid disorders of ADHD?
Mood disorders
Disruptive Behaviour Disorders
Conduct Disorders
Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Anxiety Disorder
Tics
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Specific learning difficulties
How does Ritalin (methylphenidate) work?
It stimulates noradrenaline levels in the brain so that it’s easier to control
Lasts 4-16 hours so if perfect for school
What are the Erikson stages?
Stages of psychosocial development
<2 years: Trust vs. Mistrust
2-4 yrs: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
5-8yrs: Initiative vs. Guilt
9-12: Industry vs. Inferiority
13-19 yrs: Identity vs. Confusion
20-39yrs: Intimacy vs. Isolation
40-59 yrs: Generativity vs. Stagnation
>60 yrs: Integrity vs. Despair
What is foetal alcohol syndrome?
Related to alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Causes physical, behavioural and learning difficulties
What are adverse childhood experiences (ACE’s)?
Experiences that increase your chances of developing certain diseases
What is ARFID?
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorders
ie. Fussing eating
What is Enuresis?
Wetting the bed when it’s no socially acceptable
What is encopresis?
Soiling yourself
May have small amounts of faces on underwear
What is Tourette’s syndrome?
A neurological condition that causes you to make involuntary movements and sounds
What is a tic disorder?
Sudden twitches, movements, or sounds that people do repeatedly with no control over it
What is the difference between Tourette’s syndrome and a tic disorder?
Tics are defined as sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movements or vocalization, generally preceded by urge
Tourette’s syndrome is defined as the presence of both motor and phonic tics for more than 1 year in patients with onset less than 18 years old
What is meant by social contagion of tic disorders?
The idea that more people are developing tic disorders because they are seeing it online
Which antidepressants are licenced for CAHMS?
Sertraline and Fluoxetine (1st line)
What is Cognitive analytical behaviour therapy (CAT)?
A talking therapy that mainly focuses on relationship patterns
What is dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)?
A type of talking therapy based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), but it’s specially adapted for people who feel emotions very intensely
What is systemic family therapy (SFT)?
The aim is to help family members understand each other’s experiences and views, appreciate each other’s needs, build on family strengths and make useful changes in their relationships and their lives
Why are girls harder to diagnose with autism?
Because they’re smarter and compensate for their difficulties
Anxiety and emotional difficulties show when they can no longer compensate
What is the treatment for autism?
No treatment because it’s a neurodiversity not a problem
What is Di George syndrome?
Caused y a deletion in chromosome 22 - 22q11. 2
Results in the poor development of several body systems
Common as a co-morbidity of schizophrenia that’s treatment resistant
When does dementia occur in Down syndrome?
Age 40-45
Affected by the APO gene
What is meant by sundowning in dementia?
Restlessness, agitation, irritability, or confusion that can begin or worsen as daylight begins to fade
Observed in late stage Alzheimer’s
