304 Breast and endocrine Flashcards
What is Hodgkin’s disease?
Disease of the lymph nodes
When considering differentials, what are the different causes of these differentials?
Genetic
Inflammatory
Trauma - accidental or iatrogenic
Neoplasm - benign or malignant
Idiopathic
How can you identify if somebody has had radiotherapy for Hodgkins disease?
3 dots along the chest
They used to be tattooed, now computers are used to make sure the same spot is treated
How does radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease link with breast cancer?
The lymph nodes treated are on the chest and therapy will go onto the breast
How do you gather a presenting complaint?
Where
When
Before
How was it noticed?
Changed?
What are the associated symptoms you need to gather for a breast history?
-Pain - SOCRATES
-Menopause
-Nipple discharge? consistency? colour? comes out on it’s own
-Skin changes
How are the breasts divided for describing where a lump is?
Into 4 quadrants
How is the nipple divided when describing abnormalities?
Like a 12-hour clock
What are the different treatments for breast cancer?
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Endocrine therapy
Chemotherapy
What does exocrine mean?
Has a duct
What does Endocrine mean?
Releases hormones into the blood and has effects elsewhere in the body
What is the arterial blood supply of the thyroid?
The superior thyroid artery from the external carotid
The inferior thyroid artery from the subclavian
How does a thyroglossal cyst develop?
The thyroid travels down to the neck and can sometimes leave fistulas that develop into cysts and cause infections
What is the manoeuvre to identify a thyroglossal cyst?
You ask the person to lift their head up and swallow. A cysts on the thyroid will will with the thyroid while you swallow
Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve travel in relation to the thyroid?
It travels behind the thyroid
