3 - Kines - Unit 6 - Face & Neck Flashcards
Face & Neck - Bones
- Cranium - skull bones - x8
- Face - x14
- Hyoid - x1
- Sternum - breast bone - x1
- Ribs - x24
- Vertebrae - back bones - x24
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Cranium
- Frontal
- Temporal - x2
- Parietal - x2
- Occipital
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Cranium - Temporal
- External auditory meatus
- Mastoid process
- Styloid process
- Zygomatic arch
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Cranium - Occipital
- External occipital protuberance
- Foramen magnum
Face & Neck - Definition - Meatus
Tube like passage through a bone
Face & Neck - Definition - Process
Prominent bony growth that projects
Face & Neck - Definition - Foramen
Hole in a bone
Face & Neck - Definition - Fontanel
= the “soft spot”
Uncalcified cartilaginous membrane found on the superior aspect of the skull
Face & Neck - Definition - Sagittal suture
Union of the two parietal bones
Face & Neck - Definition - Lambdoid suture
Union of the occipital and parietal bones
Face & Neck - Definition - Coronal suture
Union of the frontal and parietal bones
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Face
- Maxilla - x2
- Palatine - x2
- Zygomatic - “cheek” bone - x2
- Lacrimal - x2
- Nasal - x2
- Mandible - “Jaw” bone - only movable bone in the face
- Vomer
- Internal nasal concha - x2
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Face - Zygomatic
x2
Articulates with:
- frontal bone
- temporal bone
- maxilla bones
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Face - Mandible
= “Jaw” bone
Only movable bone in the face
- Condyle
- Coronoid process
- Ramus
- Angle
Face & Neck - Definition - Condyle
Rounded, knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone, usually at a joint
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Hyoid
This bone is unique: it does not articulate with any other bone in the body
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Sternum
Starts out as 3 separate bones:
- Manubrium
- Body
- Xiphoid process
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Clavicle
- Acromial (lateral) end - connects the clavicle to the scapula
- Sternal (medial) end - connects the clavicle to the sternum
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Ribs
x24
- 7 pairs directly articulate with sternum
- 3 pairs indirectly articulate with the sternum
- 2 pairs “floating”, do not articulate with the sternum
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Vertebrae
- Cervical vertebrae - x7 (incl: C1 = atlas & C2 = axis)
- Thoracic vertebrae - x12
- Lumbar vertebrae - x5
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Vertebrae - Bony structures & landmarks common to all vertebrae
- Spinous process
- Transverse process
Face & Neck - Landmarks - Other structures to be aware of
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
- Trachea
- Costal cartilage
- Galea aponeurotica
Face & Neck - Joints
- Temporomandibular joints (TMJs)
- Sternoclavicular Joints (SCJs)
Face & Neck - Joints - Temporomandibular joints (TMJs)
Diarthritic joints formed by the temporal bones and mandible
Face & Neck - Joints - Sternoclavicular Joints (SCJs)
Diarthritic joints formed by sternum and medial clacicle
Face & Neck - Movement - Neck
- Flexion of the next
- Extension of the neck
- Lateral Flexion of the neck
- Rotation of the neck
Face & Neck - Definition - Flexion
Decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bone together
Face & Neck - Definition - Extension
Increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart
Face & Neck - Definition - Lateral Flexion
Decrease of the angle measured on the lateral surface of the spine, trunk or neck
Face & Neck - Definition - Rotation
Twisting the spine, trunk or neck around it’s axis
Face & Neck - Movement - Temporomandibular / Mandible / Jaw Joint Movement
- Elevation of the jaw
- Depression of the jaw
- Protraction of the jaw
- Retraction of the jaw
Face & Neck - Definition - Elevation of the jaw
Bringing the mandible superiorly towards the maxilla
Face & Neck - Definition - Depression of the jaw
Lowering the mandible inferiorly away from the maxilla
Face & Neck - Definition - Protraction of the jaw
Moving the mandible forwards or anteriorly
Face & Neck - Definition - Retraction of the jaw
Moving the mandible backwards or posteriorly
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Sternocleidomastoid
[Origin]
- Superior aspect of the manubrium
- Medial third of the clavicle
[Insertion]
- Mastoid process of the temporal bone
[Action]
- Flexion of the neck
- Lateral flexion of the neck
- Rotation of the neck
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Scalenes
Anterior, middle & posterior
[Origin]
- Transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
[Insertion]
- 1st & 2nd ribs
[Action]
- Flexion of the neck
- Lateral flexion of the neck
- Rotation of the neck
These muscles have special significance in reference to the neurovascular structures passing between them. Tight scalenes can compromise these blood vessels & nerves
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Masseter
[Origin]
- Zygomatic arch
[Insertion]
- Angle of mandible
- Ramus of mandible
[Action]
- Elevation of the mandible
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Temporalis
[Origin]
- Temporal fossa
- Temporal fascia
[Insertion]
- Coronoid process of the mandible
[Action]
- Elevation of the mandible
- Retraction of the mandible
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Suprahyoids & Digastric
Include the geniohyoid, mylohyoid & stylohyoid
- Located above the hyoid
- Important in chewing, swallowing & speaking
- Digastric has an anterior and posterior belly that is divided and passes through a tendinous sling on the hyoid’s anterior surface
[Origin]
[Insertion]
[Action]
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Infrahyoids
Include sternohyoid, thyrohyoid & omohyoid
- These muscles are located below the hyoid
- Important in swallowing & speaking
[Origin]
[Insertion]
[Action]
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Platysma
[Origin]
- Fascia covering the superior part of the pectoralis major
[Insertion]
- Based of mandible
- Skin if the lower face
[Action]
- Assists in depression of the mandible
- Assists in tightening the fascia of the neck
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Occipitofrontalis
[Origin]
- Galea aponeurotica
[Insertion]
- Skin over the eyebrows
- In the occipital region
[Action]
- Raise the eyebrows
- Wrinkle forehead
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Medial and Lateral Pterygoids
[Origin]
[Insertion]
[Action]
- Elevate the mandible
- Protract the mandible
- Laterally deviate the mandible
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Longus Capitis
[Origin]
- Transverse process of C3 through C6
[Insertion]
- Inferior surface of occiput
[Action]
- Flexion of the head and neck
- Lateral flexion of the head and neck
- Rotation of the head and neck
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Longus Colli
[Origin]
- Bodies of C5 through T3
- Transverse processes of C3 through C5
[Insertion]
- Tubercle on anterior arch of the atlas
- Bodies of the axis, C-3 & C-4
- Transverse processes of C5 & C6
[Action]
- Flexion of the neck
- Lateral flexion of the neck
- Rotation of the neck
