2 - APP - Unit 1.4 - Human Body Systems & Cavities, Chemical Basis Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Atoms

A

Formed of subatomic particules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Molecules

A

Arrangement of atoms in specific patterns and structures.

Arranged in such a way to produce compounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell

A

Basic unit of structure and function in the human organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tissues

A

Cells organized into layers or groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organs

A

Complex structures made of group of tissues. They perform certain functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Organ system

A

Number of organs working together to perform bodily function.

All body’s organ systems cooperate for a community purpose, namely the maintenance or the function of the entire organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Human body is composed of how many systems and what are their names?

A

Human body is composed of eleven systems:

  • integumentary system
  • skeletal system
  • muscular system
  • nervous system
  • digestive system
  • excretory system
  • respiratory system
  • cardiovascular system
  • lymphatic system
  • endocrine system
  • reproductive system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Integumentary system

A

Outer covering of the body.
Primary organ: skin (= largest organ of the body)

Skin’s function: protection, heat regulation, secretion & excretion, sensation, absorption and respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Skeletal system

A

Structure/hard framework on which the other body systems depend on for support and protection.
Body’s physical foundation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Muscular system

A

Made up of voluntary and involuntary muscles necessary for movement of body parts.
Covers and shapes skeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nervous system

A

Controls and coordinates all the body systems, helping them to work efficiently and harmoniously.

Includes: brain, spinal cord & all nerves of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nerves

A

Branching out from brain & spinal cord to cord I are all voluntary and involuntary body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Digestive system

A

All structures involved in the process of digestion.
Break down complex food substances in simple materials absorbed and used by body cells.

Includes: mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and various other glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Excretory system

A

Eliminates waste products from the body

Includes:

  • skin (gives off perspiration)
  • kidneys (excrete urine)
  • bladder
  • liver (produces bile and urea, which contains waste products)
  • lungs (exhale carbon dioxide gas)
  • largest intestines (discharges digestive refuse from body)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Respiratory system

A

Includes:

  • nose
  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • trachea
  • bronchial tubes (carry air to the lungs)
  • lungs (gas exchange: blood passing through lungs is purified by carbon dioxide removal and oxygen intake)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Controls the circulation of blood throughout the body.

Includes: heart and blood vessels

17
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Assists in exchange of supplies
Lymph bathes cells and carries wastes and impurities away from the cells (immunities)

Includes: lymph, lymph nodes and lymph vessels, and organs (spleen, thymus and bone marrow)

18
Q

Endocrine system

A
Group of specialized organs and glands capable of manufacturing secretions (=hormones) affecting many body functions: growth, reproduction & health. 
Endocrine glands (as pituitary an thyroid) secrets hormones to regulate process of growth and metabolism
19
Q

Reproductive system

A

Ensure continuance of species by the reproduction of other human beings

20
Q

Groups of body cavities

A
  • Dorsal (posterior) cavities

- Ventral (anterior) cavities

21
Q

Dorsal cavity

A
  • Cranial Cavity - contains brain

- Spinal Cavity (vertebral) - contains spinal cord

22
Q

Ventral cavity

A
  • Thoracic cavity

- Abdominal cavity

23
Q

Thoracic cavity

A
  • Pericardial cavity - contains the heart

- Pleural cavity - contains the lungs

24
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Situated below the diaphragm

  • Contains: liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas and small/large intestines
  • Lower third: pelvic cavity
25
Pelvic cavity
Lower third of the abdominal cavity | Contains: bladder, rectum and some reproductive organs
26
Proteins
- Chemical compounds that are an essential part of every cell (= Essential for life) Made of smaller units called amino acids - Function: repairing damaged cells, building new tissues and other vital jobs. - Contain: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
27
Carbohydrates
- Provide majority of the energy required to operate muscles & nerves and build/repair body tissues. - Contain: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
28
Types of carbohydrates
- Simple. > Simple sugars that can be combined together to form complex carbohydrates. Expl: Glucose - Complex > Expl: Glycogen (stored inside muscles or liver cells)
29
Fats
- Aka lipids - Contain: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen - Efficient form of energy also essential for hormone production, vitamins utilization and cell membranes production
30
Metabolism
All the chemical reaction that occur within the body (cells) to transform food into nutrient
31
Metabolism - 2 phases
- Anabolism | - Catabolism
32
Anabolism
Building phase - building larger molecules from smaller ones. Requires energy
33
Catabolism
Breaking down phase - breaking larger molecules in smaller ones Releases energy
34
Enzymes
Protein substance acting as organic catalyst to start, accelerate or control these chemical reactions
35
Body elements, from smaller to larger
Cell < Tissue < Organ < System