2 - APP - Unit 1.4 - Human Body Systems & Cavities, Chemical Basis Of Life Flashcards
Atoms
Formed of subatomic particules
Molecules
Arrangement of atoms in specific patterns and structures.
Arranged in such a way to produce compounds.
Cell
Basic unit of structure and function in the human organism
Tissues
Cells organized into layers or groups
Organs
Complex structures made of group of tissues. They perform certain functions
Organ system
Number of organs working together to perform bodily function.
All body’s organ systems cooperate for a community purpose, namely the maintenance or the function of the entire organism.
Human body is composed of how many systems and what are their names?
Human body is composed of eleven systems:
- integumentary system
- skeletal system
- muscular system
- nervous system
- digestive system
- excretory system
- respiratory system
- cardiovascular system
- lymphatic system
- endocrine system
- reproductive system
Integumentary system
Outer covering of the body.
Primary organ: skin (= largest organ of the body)
Skin’s function: protection, heat regulation, secretion & excretion, sensation, absorption and respiration
Skeletal system
Structure/hard framework on which the other body systems depend on for support and protection.
Body’s physical foundation.
Muscular system
Made up of voluntary and involuntary muscles necessary for movement of body parts.
Covers and shapes skeleton.
Nervous system
Controls and coordinates all the body systems, helping them to work efficiently and harmoniously.
Includes: brain, spinal cord & all nerves of the body
Nerves
Branching out from brain & spinal cord to cord I are all voluntary and involuntary body functions
Digestive system
All structures involved in the process of digestion.
Break down complex food substances in simple materials absorbed and used by body cells.
Includes: mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and various other glands
Excretory system
Eliminates waste products from the body
Includes:
- skin (gives off perspiration)
- kidneys (excrete urine)
- bladder
- liver (produces bile and urea, which contains waste products)
- lungs (exhale carbon dioxide gas)
- largest intestines (discharges digestive refuse from body)
Respiratory system
Includes:
- nose
- mouth
- pharynx
- trachea
- bronchial tubes (carry air to the lungs)
- lungs (gas exchange: blood passing through lungs is purified by carbon dioxide removal and oxygen intake)
Cardiovascular system
Controls the circulation of blood throughout the body.
Includes: heart and blood vessels
Lymphatic system
Assists in exchange of supplies
Lymph bathes cells and carries wastes and impurities away from the cells (immunities)
Includes: lymph, lymph nodes and lymph vessels, and organs (spleen, thymus and bone marrow)
Endocrine system
Group of specialized organs and glands capable of manufacturing secretions (=hormones) affecting many body functions: growth, reproduction & health. Endocrine glands (as pituitary an thyroid) secrets hormones to regulate process of growth and metabolism
Reproductive system
Ensure continuance of species by the reproduction of other human beings
Groups of body cavities
- Dorsal (posterior) cavities
- Ventral (anterior) cavities
Dorsal cavity
- Cranial Cavity - contains brain
- Spinal Cavity (vertebral) - contains spinal cord
Ventral cavity
- Thoracic cavity
- Abdominal cavity
Thoracic cavity
- Pericardial cavity - contains the heart
- Pleural cavity - contains the lungs
Abdominal cavity
Situated below the diaphragm
- Contains: liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas and small/large intestines
- Lower third: pelvic cavity
Pelvic cavity
Lower third of the abdominal cavity
Contains: bladder, rectum and some reproductive organs
Proteins
- Chemical compounds that are an essential part of every cell (= Essential for life)
Made of smaller units called amino acids - Function: repairing damaged cells, building new tissues and other vital jobs.
- Contain: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Carbohydrates
- Provide majority of the energy required to operate muscles & nerves and build/repair body tissues.
- Contain: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Types of carbohydrates
- Simple.
> Simple sugars that can be combined together to form complex carbohydrates. Expl: Glucose - Complex
> Expl: Glycogen (stored inside muscles or liver cells)
Fats
- Aka lipids
- Contain: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- Efficient form of energy also essential for hormone production, vitamins utilization and cell membranes production
Metabolism
All the chemical reaction that occur within the body (cells) to transform food into nutrient
Metabolism - 2 phases
- Anabolism
- Catabolism
Anabolism
Building phase - building larger molecules from smaller ones.
Requires energy
Catabolism
Breaking down phase - breaking larger molecules in smaller ones
Releases energy
Enzymes
Protein substance acting as organic catalyst to start, accelerate or control these chemical reactions
Body elements, from smaller to larger
Cell < Tissue < Organ < System
