3 - Kines - Unit 5 - Spine & Thorax Flashcards
Spine & Thorax - Bones
50 bones in the spine and thorax
- Vertebrea - back bones - x24 (some sources indicate 33 spinal bones or vertebrae)
- Sacrum - base of the spine - x1
- Coccyx - tail bone - x1
- Sternum - breast bone - x1
- Ribs - x24
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae
- Cervical vertebrae - x7 (incl: C1 = atlas & C2 = axis)
- Thoracic vertebrae - x12
- Lumbar vertebrae - x5
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae - Bony structures & landmarks common to all vertebrae
- Spinous process
- Transverse process
- Vertebral body
- Vertebral foramen
- Lamina
- Superior articular facet
- Inferior articular facet
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae - Definitions - Process
Prominent bony growth that projects
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae - Definitions - Body
A wedge shaped piece of bone
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae - Definitions - Foramen
Hole in a bone
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae - Definitions - Facet
Small, flat articular surface
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Sacrum
Strats out as 5 separate sacral vertebrae that fuse
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Coccyx
Strats out as 5 separate sacral vertebrae that fuse
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Sternum
Starts out as 3 separate bones
- Manubrium - superior portion
- Body - middle portion
- Xiphoid process - inferior portion
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Ribs
x24 ribs
- 7 pairs directly articulate with the sternum
- 3 pairs indirectly articulate with the sternum
- 2 pairs are “floating” - do not articulate with the sternum
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Ribs - Bony structures & landmarks common to all ribs
- Head
- Neck
- Tubercle
- Angle
- Sternal end
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Other structures - Definition - Aponeurosis
Broad sheet of connective tissue
Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Other structures to be ware of
- Thoracolumbar aponeurosis (broad sheet of connective tissue)
- Abdominal apneurosis
- Lineal alba
- Costal cartilage - connects to the sternum
- Pubic symphysis
- Iliac crest
- Inguinal ligament
- Ligamentum nuchae
- Abdominal aorta
- Anterior longitudinal ligament
- Posterior longitudinal ligament
- Ligamentum flavum
- Supraspinous ligament
- Interspinous ligament
- Intervertebral disc (annulus fibrosis & nucleus pulposus)
- Intervertebral foramen (formed by vertebrae where nerves exit spinal cord)
Spine & Thorax - Joints
- Intervertebral joints
- Costovertebral joints
- Costosternal joints
Spine & Thorax - Joints - Intervertebral joints
Amphiarthritic joints formed by vertebral bodies & intervertebral discs
Spine & Thorax - Joints - Costovertebral joints
Diarthritic joints formed by a rib and the vertebral bodies
Spine & Thorax - Joints - Costosternal joints
Formed by the union of the ribs to the sternum via hyaline cartilage
Spine & Thorax - Movements - Spine / Trunk / Neck
- Flexion of the trunk
- Extension of the trunk
- Lateral flexion of the trunk
- Rotation of the trunk
Spine & Thorax - Definition - Flexion of the trunk
Decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bone together
Spine & Thorax - Definition - Extension of the trunk
Increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart
Spine & Thorax - Definition - Lateral flexion of the trunk
Decrease of the angle measured on the lateral surface of the spine, trunk or neck
Spine & Thorax - Definition - Rotation of the trunk
Twisting the spine, trunk or neck around it’s axis
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Erector Spinae Group
Bungee-cord like muscles running parallel to the spine traveling from spinal segment below to several spinal segments or ribs above.
- Iliocostalis - most lateral of the group
- Longissimus - between the other two
- Spinalis - most medial of the group
[Action]
- Extension of the trunk
- Lateral flexion of the trunk
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Transversospinalis Group
- Multifidi - span 2-4 vertebrae & are more superficial than the Rotatores
- Rotatores - span 1-2 vertebrae & are deep to the Multifidi
- Semispinalis Capitis
[Action]
- Multifidi & Rotatores: Extend & rotate the vertebrae
- Semispinalis Capitis: Extends vertebral column & neck
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Splenius Capitis
[Origin]
- Ligamentum nuchae
- Spinous process C7-T3
[Insertion]
- Mastoid process
- Lateral base of the skull
[Action]
- Extension of the neck
- Lateral flexion of the neck
- Rotation of the neck
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Spenius Cervicis
[Origin]
- Spinous processes T3-T6
[Insertion]
- Transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
[Action]
- Extension of the neck
- Lateral flexion of the neck
- Rotation of the neck
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Suboccipitals
x8
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
- Oblique Capitis Superior
- Oblique Capitis Inferior
[Action]
- Rotation of the skull
- Extension of the skull
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Quadratus Lumborum
[Origin]
- Posterior iliac crest
[Insertion]
- Last rib
- Transverse process of L1-L4
[Action]
- Lateral tilting of the pelvis
- Lateral flexion of the trunk
- Assists in the extension of the trunk
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Abdominals
- Rectus Abdominis
- External Oblique
- Internal Oblique
- Transverse Abdominis
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Abdominals - Rectus Abdominis
[Origin]
- Pubic crest
- Pubis symphysis
[Insertion]
- Cartilage of ribs 5-7
- Xiphoid process
[Action]
- Flexion of the trunk
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Abdominals - External Oblique
[Origin]
- Lower 8 ribs
[Insertion]
- Anterior part of the iliac crest
- Abnominal apneurosis to linea alba
[Action]
- Flexion of the trunk (bilaterally)
- Compress abdominal contents (bilaterally)
- Rotation of the trunk (unilaterally)
- Lateral flexion of the trunk (unilaterally)
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Abdominals - Internal Oblique
[Origin]
- Lateral inguinal ligament
- Iliac crest
- Thoracolumbar fascia
[Insertion]
- Internal surface of lower three ribs
- Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
[Action]
- Flexion of the trunk (bilaterally)
- Compress abdominal contents (bilaterally)
- Rotation of the trunk (unilaterally)
- Lateral flexion of the trunk (unilaterally)
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Abdominals - Transverse Abdominis
[Origin]
- Lateral inguinal ligament
- Iliac crest
- Thoracolumbar fascia
- Internal of lower 6 ribs
[Insertion]
Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
[Action]
Compresses abdominal contents
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Diaphragm
[Origin]
[Insertion]
[Action]
- Primary muscle of respiration
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Intercostals
Internal & external, both found between the ribs
[Origin]
[Insertion]
[Action]
- Assists with respiration
Muscles - Muscles of Inspiration (x12)
- Diaphragm
- Anterior Scalene
- Middle Scalene
- Posterior Scalene
- Sternocleidomastoid
- External Intercostals
- Serratus Posterior Superior
- Quadratus Lumborum
- Pectoralis Major
- Pectoralis Minor
- Serratus Anterior
- Subclavius
Muscles - Muscles of Exspiration (x6)
- Internal Intercostals
- Serratus Posterior inferior
- External Oblique
- Internal Oblique
- Transverse Abdominis
- Quadratus Lumborum
