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RMT - LtB > 3 - Kines - Unit 2 - Forearm, Wrist & Hand > Flashcards

3 - Kines - Unit 2 - Forearm, Wrist & Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Bones - Quantity in forearms, wrists & hands

A

60 bones

Including distal ends of humerus in both arms

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2
Q

Bones - 6 types of bones in forearms, wrists & hands

A
  • Humerus - Arm bones (x2)
  • Radius - Lateral forearm bones (x2)
  • Ulna - Medial forearm bones - (x2)
  • Carpals - Wrist bones - (x16 - 8 per wrist)
  • Metacarpals - Hand bones - (x10 - 5 per hand)
  • Phalanxes - Finger bones - (x28 - 14 per hand)
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3
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Condyle

A

Rounded, knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone usually at a joint

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4
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Epicondyle

A

Bony prominence upon a condyle

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5
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Fossa

A

Shallow depression or dent in a bone

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6
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Trochlea

A

Latin for “pulley” or “spool”

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7
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Tuberosity

A

Large, rounded, usually roughened protuberance

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8
Q

Landmarks - Humerus

A
  • Medial Condyle
  • Lateral Condyle
  • Medial supracondylar ridge
  • Lateral supracondylar ridge
  • Medial epicondyle
  • Lateral epicondyle
  • Coronoid fossa
  • Radial fossa
  • Trochlea - the “pulley” or “spool” shaped landmark on the distal humerus [important for MBLEX]
  • Capitulum - articulates with the head of the radius [important for MBLEX]
  • Olecranon fossa [important for MBLEX]
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9
Q

Landmarks - Radius

A
  • Head of radius - articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
  • Neck of radius
  • Radial tuberosity - the insertion for the biceps brachii
  • Styloid process
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10
Q

Landmarks - Ulna

A
  • Olecranon process (the “point” of the elbow) - the insertion for the triceps brachii
  • Trochlear process
  • Coronoid process
  • Radial notch of ulna
  • Tuberosity of ulna
  • Head of the ulna
  • Styloid process of ulna
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11
Q

Landmarks - Carpals

A

Distal row:

  • Hamate
  • Capitate
  • Trapezoid
  • Trapezium

Proximal row:

  • Pisiform - a sesamoid bone [important for MBLEX]
  • Triquetrum
  • Lunate
  • Scaphoid
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12
Q

Landmarks - Metacarpals

A

Numbered 1-5 with thumb being #1

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13
Q

Landmarks - Phalanxes

A
  • First digit : the thumb
    Terms pollux, pollex, pollicus & pollicis refer to thumb
    Thumb has 2 phalanxes
  • Four other digits : 3 phalanxes each
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14
Q

Joints - Quantity & names

A

11 different joints found within forearm and hand

  • Humeroradial joint
  • Humeroulnar joint
  • Proximal Radioulnar joint
  • Distal Radioulnar joint
  • Radiocarpal joint
  • Midcarpal joint
  • Carpometacarpal joint of the first digit/phalange (thumb)
  • Carpometacarpal joints of the second to fifth digits/phalanges
  • Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)
  • Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)
  • Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
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15
Q

Joints - Humeroradial joint

A

Distal humerus + proximal radius

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16
Q

Joints - Humeroulnar joint

A

Distal humerus + proximal ulna

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17
Q

Joints - “Elbow” joint

A

Humeroradial joint + humeroulnar joint

Hinge joint

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18
Q

Joints - Proximal Radioulnar joint

A

Proximal radius + proximal ulna
Pivot joint

(MBLEX)

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19
Q

Joints - Distal Radioulnar joint

A

Distal radius + distal ulna

Gliding joint

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20
Q

Joints - Radiocarpal joint

A

Distal radius + proximal carpals
Ellipsoid joint

(MBLEX)

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21
Q

Joints - Midcarpal joint

A

Proximal row of carpal + distal row of carpals

Gliding joint

22
Q

Joints - Carpometacarpal joint of the first digit/phalange (thumb)

A

Distal row of carpals + proximal end of 1st metacarpal
Ellipsoid-shaped saddle joint

(MBLEX)

23
Q

Joints - Carpometacarpal joints of the second to fifth digits/phalanges

A

Distal row of carpals 2-5 + proximal ends of metacarpals 2-5

Gliding joint

24
Q

Joints - Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)

A

Distal end of metacarpal + proximal end of proximal phalanx
Ellipsoid joint

(MBLEX)

25
Q

Joints - Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)

A

Proximal phalanx + middle phalanx

Hinge joint

26
Q

Joints - Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

A

Middle phalanx + distal phalanx

Hinge joint

27
Q

Movements - Flexion

A

Decrease of angle in a joint by bringing bones together

28
Q

Movements - Extension

A

Increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart

29
Q

Movements - Pronation

A

Palm of the hand turning posteriorly and inferiorly or downwards

30
Q

Movements - Supination

A

Palm of the hand turning anteriorly and superiorly or upwards

31
Q

Movements - Abduction

A

Lateral movement away from the midline

  • of the trunk of the body (for wrist/hand movement)
  • of the hand (for finger/thumb movement)
32
Q

Movements - Adduction

A

Medial movement towards the midline

  • of the trunk of the body (for wrist/hand movement)
  • of the hand (for finger/thumb movement)
33
Q

Movements - Elbow / Forearm movement

A
  • Flexion of the elbow

- Extension of the elbow

34
Q

Movements - Radioulnar movement

A
  • Pronation

- Supination

35
Q

Movements - Wrist / Hand movement

A
  • Flexion of the wrist
  • Extension of the wrist
  • Abduction of the wrist - AKA radial deviation
  • Adduction of the wrist - AKA ulnar deviation
36
Q

Movements - Finger / Thumb movement

A
  • Flexion of the fingers or thumb
  • Extension of the fingers or thumb
  • Abduction of the fingers or thumb
  • Adduction of the fingers or thumb
37
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Biceps Brachii

A

Two headed muscle on the anterior arm

[Origin]
Scapula:
- Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle
- Short head: coracoid process

[Insertion]
Radius:
- Radial tuberosity
- Bicipital aponeurosis

[Action]
Flexion of the elbow
Supination of the forearm
Flexion of the shoulder

38
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Triceps Brachii

A

Three headed muscle on the posterior arm

[Origin]
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral head: posterior surface of the proximal half of humerus
Medial/deep head: posterior surface of the distal half of humerus

[Insertion]
Olecranon process of the ulna

[Action]
Extension of the elbow

39
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Brachialis

A

[Origin]
Anterior surface of the distal half of humerus

[Insertion]
Tuberosity of the ulna
Coronoid of the ulna

[Action]
Flexion of the elbow

40
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Brachioradialis

A

[Origin]
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

[Insertion]
Styloid process of the radius

[Action]
Flexion of the elbow

41
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Extensors of the wrists, hand and digits - Names (x5)

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor indicis
42
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Extensors of the wrists, hand and digits (x5)

A

5 Extensors: carpi radialis longus / carpi radialis brevis / carpi ulnaris / digitorum / indicis

[Origin]
Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

[Insertion]
Various metacarpal and phalangeal attachments

[Action]
Extension of the wrist and fingers

43
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Anconeus

A

A weak elbow extensor

44
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Flexors of the wrist, hand & digits names - Names (x5)

A
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
45
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Flexors of the wrist, hand & digits (x5)

A

5 Flexors: carpi radialis / palmaris longus / carpi ulnaris / digitorum superficialis / digitorum profundus

[Origin]
Common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of the humerus

[Insertion]
Various metacarpal and phalangeal attachments

[Action]
Flexion of the wrist
Flexion of the fingers

46
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Pronator Teres

A

A powerful pronator of the forearm

Located on the anterior aspect of the proximal forearm

47
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Pronator Quadratus

A

A weak pronator of the forearm

Located on the deep anterior aspect of the distal forearm

48
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Supinator

A

A supinator of the forearm

Located on the posterolateral aspect of the proximal forearm

49
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Muscles of the thumb - 4 groups

A

[Flexors]

  • Flexor pollicis brevis
  • Flexor pollicis longus

[Extensor]

  • Extensor pollicis brevis
  • Extensor pollicis longus

[Abductors]

  • Abductor pollicis brevis
  • Abductor pollicis longus

[Adductors and apposition]

  • Adductor pollicis
  • Opponens pollicis
50
Q

Muscle Origins, Insertions & Actions - Muscles of the hand

A
  • Lumbricals

- Interossei

51
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

A

Tennis’ elbow

MBLEX

52
Q

Medial epicondylitis

A

Golfer’s elbow

MBLEX

RMT - LtB (24 decks)

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