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RMT - LtB > 3 - Kines - Unit 4 - Leg & Foot > Flashcards

3 - Kines - Unit 4 - Leg & Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Leg & Foot - 58 Bones

A

Includes distal ends of femur

  • Femur (thigh bones) - x2
  • Tibia (medial leg bone) - x2
  • Fibula (lateral leg bone) - x2
  • Tarsals (ankle bones) - x14 (7 per ankle)
  • Metatarsals (foot bones) - x10 (5 per foot)
  • Phalanxes (toe bones) - x28 (14 per foot)
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2
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks

A
  • Femur (distal end)
  • Tibia
  • Fibula
  • Tarsals
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanxes
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3
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Condyle

A

Rounded, knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone usually at a joint

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4
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Tuberoristy

A

Large, rounded, usually roughened protuberance

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5
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Femur

A

Distal end

  • Medial condyle
  • Lateral condyle
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6
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Tibia

A
  • Medial condyle (plateau)
  • Lateral condyle (plateau)
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Soleal line
  • Medial malleolus
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7
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Fibula

A
  • Head of the fibula

- Lateral malleolus

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8
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Tarsal

A
  • Calcaneus (heel bones)
  • Talus (“ankle” bone)
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Medial (1st) cuneiform
  • Middle (2nd) cuneiform
  • Lateral (3rd) cuneiform
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9
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Metatarsals

A

Numbered 1-5 with big toe being #1

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10
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Phalanxes

A

First digit/phalange = big toe = hallux/hallex/hallicus/hallicus

Big toe: only 2 phalanxes
Other 4 digits: 3 phalanges per digit

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11
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Other structures (x8)

A
  • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
  • Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
  • Medial (tibial) collateral Ligament (MCL)
  • Lateral (fibular) collateral Ligament (LCL)
  • Meniscus of the knee
  • Interosseous membrane - helps hold the two leg bones together
  • Plantar Aponeurosis
  • Arches of the foot
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12
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Aponeurosis

A

Broad sheet of connective tissue

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13
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Other structures - Arches of the foot

A
  • Medial Longitudinal Arch
  • Lateral Longitudinal Arch
  • Transverse Arch
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14
Q

Leg & Foot - 9 Joints

A
  • Tibiofemoral (knee) joint
  • Proximal tibiofibular joint
  • Distal tibiofibular joint
  • Talocrural joint
  • Midtarsal joints
  • Tarsometatarsal joints
  • Metatarsophalangeals joint (MTP)
  • Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)
  • Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
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15
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Tibiofemoral (knee) joint

A

Hinge joint
Formed by distal femur + proximal tibia

Knee joint also includes patella (which articulates femur)

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16
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Proximal tibiofibular joint

A

Gliding joint

Formed by proximal tibia + proximal fibula

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17
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Distal tibiofibular joint

A

Gliding joint

Formed by distal tibia + distal fibula

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18
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Talocrural joint

A

Modified saddle joint

Formed by distal tibia + distal fibula + talus

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19
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Midtarsal joints

A

Gliding joint

Formed by various tarsal

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20
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Tarsometatarsal joints

A

Gliding joint

Formed by tarsals + proximal ends of metatarsals

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21
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Metatarsophalangeals joint (MTP)

A

Ellipsoid joint

Formed by distal end of a metatarsal + proximal end of proximal phalanx

22
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)

A

Hinge joint

Formed by proximal + middle phalanx

23
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

A

Hinge joint

Formed by middle + distal phalanx

24
Q

Movements - Knee / Leg Movement

A
  • Flexion of the knee

- Extension of the knee

25
Q

Movements - Knee / Leg Movement - Flexion

A

Decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together

26
Q

Movements - Knee / Leg Movement - Extension

A

Increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart

27
Q

Movements - Ankle / Foot Movement

A
  • Plantarflexion of the ankle
  • Dorsiflexion of the ankle
  • Eversion of the ankle
  • Inversion of the ankle
28
Q

Movements - Ankle / Foot Movement - Plantarflexion

A

Flexing the ankle down towards the plantar surface of the foot
as if pressing down on a car’s brake pedal

29
Q

Movements - Ankle / Foot Movement - Dorsiflexion

A

Flexing ankle up towards the dorsal surface of the foot

As if walking on one’s heels

30
Q

Movements - Ankle / Foot Movement - Eversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot outward or latterally thus streching the medial aspect of the ankle

31
Q

Movements - Ankle / Foot Movement - Inversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot inward or medially thus stretching the lateral aspect of the ankle

32
Q

Movements - Toe movements

A
  • Flexion of the toes
  • Extension of the toes
  • Abduction of the toes
  • Adduction of the toes
33
Q

Movements - Toe movements - Flexion

A

Decrease of angle in a joint by bringing bones together

34
Q

Movements - Toe movements - Extension

A

Increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart

35
Q

Movements - Toe movements - Abduction

A

Lateral movement away from the midline of the foot

36
Q

Movements - Toe movements - Adduction

A

Medial movement towards the midline of the foot

37
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Gastrocnemius

A

Calf muscle

[Origin]
Posterior surface of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

[Insertion]
Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

[Action]

  • Plantarflexion of the ankle
  • Flexion of the knee
38
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Soleus

A

Under the calf Muscle

[Origin]

  • Soleal line on the posterior tibia
  • Proximal posterior surface of the fibula

[Insertion]
- Calcaneus vie the calcaneal tendon

[Action]
- Plantar flexion of the ankle

39
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Plantaris

A

Has the longest tendon in the body

[Origin]
- Lateral condyle of the femur

[Insertion]
- Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

[Action]

  • Weak plantar flexion of the ankle
  • Weak flexion of the knee
40
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Peroneus longus

A

[Origin]
- Proximal two-thirds of lateral bibula

[Insertion]
- Base of first metatarsal & medial cuneiform

[Action]
- Eversion of the foot & assists in plantarflexion

41
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Peroneus brevis

A

[Origin]
- Distal two-thirds of lateral fibula

[Insertion]
- Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

[Action]

  • Eversion of the foot
  • Assists in plantarflexion
42
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Extensors of the ankle & toes

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
43
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Extensors of the ankle & toes - Tibialis anterior

A

[Origin]

  • Proximal anterolateral surface of the tibia
  • Interosseous membrane

[Insertion]

  • Medial cuneiform
  • Base of first metatarsal

[Action]

  • Dorsiflexion of ankle
  • Inversion of the foot
44
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Extensors of the ankle & toes - Extensor digitorum longus

A

[Origin]

  • Proximal anterior shaft of fibula
  • Interosseous membrane

[Insertion]

  • Middle phalanxes of the second through fifth toes
  • Distal phalanxes of the second through fifth toes

[Action]

  • Extension of the second through fifth toes
  • Dorsiflexion of the ankle
  • Helps with eversion of the foot
45
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Extensors of the ankle & toes - Extensor hallucis longus

A

[Origin]

  • Middle anterior surface of the fibula
  • Interosseous membrane

[Insertion]
- Distal phalanx of the first toe

[Action]

  • Extension of the first (big) to,
  • Dorsiflexion of the ankle
  • Helps with inversion of the foot
46
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Flexors of the ankle and toe -

A
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
47
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Flexors of the ankle and toe - Tibialis posterior

A

[Origin]

  • Proximal posterolateral surface of the tibia
  • Interosseous membrane

[Insertion]

  • Various tarsals
  • Bases of 2nd through 4th metatarsals

[Action]

  • Plantarflexion of the ankle
  • Inversion of the foot
48
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Flexors of the ankle and toe - Flexor digitorum longus

A

[Origin]
- Middle posterior surface of the tibia

[Insertion]
- Distal phalanxes of the 2nd through 5th toes

[Action]

  • Flexion of the 2nd through 5th toes
  • Weak plantarflexion of the ankle
  • Inversion of the foot
49
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Flexors of the ankle and toe - Flexor hallucis longus

A

[Origin]
- Middle half of posterior fibula

[Insertion]
- Distal phalanx of the 1st toes

[Action]

  • Flexion of the 1st (big) toe
  • Weak plantarflexion of the ankle
  • Inversion of the foot
50
Q

Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Muscles of the foot [MBLEx]

A
  • Flexor and Extensor digitorum brevis
  • Abductor hallucis
  • Abductor digiti minimi
  • Quadratus plantae
  • Interossei
  • Lumbricals

RMT - LtB (24 decks)

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