2 - APP - Unit 4.2 - Lymphatic System

Question 1

Lymphatic system

Answer 1

A supplement of the circulatory system
Composed by:
- Lymph
- Lymph nodes
- Lymph vessels
- Spleen
- Thymus gland
- Lymphoid tissue in the intestinal tract
- Tonsils

No muscular pump or heart

Question 2

Lymphatic system - Lymph

Answer 2

= intercellular, interstitial or tissue fluid (fills surrounding spaces between tissue cells)
Diffuses from capillaries into tissue spaces

Straw-colored fluid
Similar composition to blood plasma

Action: intermediary between blood in capillarities and tissues.
Carries digested food, oxygen & hormones to cells.
Carries metabolic waste as carbon dioxide and urea away from cells and into capillarities for excretion.

Lymph Flow:
- Contraction of the skeletal muscles against lymph vessels cause lymph to surge into larger vessels.
- Breathing movement
Valves along the lymph vessels prevent backflow

Question 3

Lymphatic system - Lymph composition

Answer 3

• water
• white blood cells
• gases such as oxygen & carbon dioxide
• digested nutrients
• hormones
• minerals
• waste products

Question 4

Lymphatic system - Lymph vessels

Answer 4

Accompany and closely parallel the veins
Form an extensive, branchlike system throughout the body - can be considered as auxiliary to circulatory system

Location: in almost all tissues and organs that have blood vessels.
Not found in: cartilage, central nervous system, epidermis, eyeball, inner ear or spleen.

Lymph surrounding tissue cells enters small lymph vessels, turning into larger lymph vessels called lymphatics. They continue to unite into 2 bigger lymphatics: right and left lymphatic ducts

Question 5

Lymphatic system - Right lymphatic duct

Answer 5

Drains upper right half of the body

Empties into the right subclavian vein

Question 6

Lymphatic system - Left lymphatic duct

Answer 6

= Thoracic duct

Drains the rest of the body and empties into the left subclavian vein

Question 7

Lymphatic system - Lymphatic duct - Cisterna chyli

Answer 7

The thoracic duct begins as a dilation called the cisterna chyli, in front on the lumbar vertebra

Question 8

Lymphatic system - Lymph nods

Answer 8

Tiny, oval-shaped structures ranging from the size of a pinhead to that of the almond.

Location: Alone or grouped, in various places along lymph vessels

Function:

• provide a site for lymphocyte production
• serve as a filter for screening out harmful substances (as bacteria or cancer cells)

Question 9

Lymphatic system - Lymph nods - Adenitis

Answer 9

Swelling/inflamation of lymph nodes, if lymphocytes before the lymph node in injured.

Question 10

Lymphatic system - Tonsils

Answer 10

Masses of lymphatic tissues capable of producing lymphocytes and filtering bacteria.

Question 11

Lymphatic system - Tonsils - 3 pairs

Answer 11

• Palatine
• Adenoids
• Lingual

Question 12

Lymphatic system - Tonsils - Palatine

Answer 12

Most common tonsils

Located on the sides of the soft palate

Question 13

Lymphatic system - Tonsils - Adenoids

Answer 13

Located in the upper part of the throat

Question 14

Lymphatic system - Tonsils - Lingual

Answer 14

May be found at the back of the tongue

Question 15

Lymphatic system - Tonsils - Tonsillitis

Answer 15

Frequently during childhood

Tonsils become infected, enlarged, cause difficulty in swallowing, severe sore throat, elevated temperature and chills.

Question 16

Lymphatic system - Tonsils - Peyer’s patches

Answer 16

Tonsils found within the intestinal tissues

Question 17

Lymphatic system - Spleen

Answer 17

Saclike mass of lymphatic tissue
Location: near the upper left area of the abdominal cavity (just beneath diaphragm)

• Forms lymphocytes and monocytes.
• Stores large amounts of red blood cells.
• If excessive bleeding or vigorous exercise: spleen contracts, forcing stored blood cells into circulation
• Destroys and remove old or fragile red blood cells
• Forms erythrocytes in embryo

Question 18

Lymphatic system - Thymus gland

Answer 18

• Lymphatic organ as it consists largely of lymphatic tissue
• Endocrine gland as it secretes hormones (thymosin) stimulating production of lymphoid cells

Location: upper anterior part of the thorax, above the heart
Produces T-lymphocytes

Question 19

Lymphatic system - Thymus gland - Thymosin

Answer 19

Hormones stimulating production of lymphoid cells

Secreted by Thymus gland

Question 20

Disorders of the Lymphatic System - Leukemia

Answer 20

Malignant disease of the blood-forming tissues characterized by uncontrolled production and accumulation of immature white blood cells (leukocytes)

Acute or chronic in nature, leads to number of health complications

Question 21

Disorders of the Lymphatic System - Lymphadenitis

Answer 21

“Swollen glands”
Lymph nodes enlargement
Frequently occurs when infection is present & body attempting to fight infection

Question 22

Disorders of the Lymphatic System - Lymphedema

Answer 22

Accumulation of lymph fluid producing subcutaneous tissue swelling

Question 23

Disorders of the Lymphatic System - Lymphoma

Answer 23

Cancer of lymphatic tissue origin

Question 24

Disorders of the Lymphatic System - Hodgkin’s disease

Answer 24

Form of cancer of the lymph nodes

Most common early symptom: painless swelling of the lymph nodes

Treatment: chemotherapy & radiation - good results

Question 25

Disorders of the Lymphatic System - Infectious mononucleosis

Answer 25

“kissing disease” or “mono”
Spread by oral contact
Cause: Epstein-Barr virus
Frequently: children & young adult

Symptoms:

• enlarged lymph nodes
• fever
• physical & mental fatigue
• Marked increase in the number of leukocytes