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Pharmacology Semmelweis > 2nd year drug names (not ABX or psych) > Flashcards

2nd year drug names (not ABX or psych) Flashcards

1
Q

Strong mu agonists

A

Morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, methadon, meperidine

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2
Q

Weak mu agonists

A

Codeine, hydrocodone, tramadol, diphenoxylate, loperamide

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3
Q

Mixed opioids

A

Buprenorphine - u-ago/k-antago

Nalbuphine - u-antago/k-ago

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4
Q

Pure opioid antagonists

A

Naloxene, naltrexone

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5
Q

Important NSAIDs

A

Ibuprofen - COX1>COX2
Aspirin - irreversible binding
Diclofenac - COX1 = COX2
Meloxican - long acting 20-70h

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6
Q

Gout - drugs against acute flare

A

NSAIDs except aspirin

Specific

  • Colchicin
  • Canakinumab
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7
Q

Gout prophylaxis

A

Inhibits uric acid synthesis

Allopurinol
Febuxostat

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8
Q

Treatment options for neuropathic pain

A
  • Gabapentin, pregabilin (n-type Ca++ chn blockers)
  • tri/tetracyclic antidepressants
  • Duloxetin
  • 8% capsaicin patch
  • Tramadol, cannabinoids
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9
Q

Neuralgia treatment options

A
  • neurolysis

- tricyclic antidepressants, carbamezapine, gabapentin, clonezapam, NSAIDs

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10
Q

ANTIMETABOLITES

A

6-MP (6-merkaptopurine) - purine analog that disrupts DNA production and nucleotide production - LEUKEMIAS; ALL CML

Cytarbine - pyrimidine analog - Leukemia, lymphoma

5-FU - pyrimidine analog - Solid tumors; colorectal, pancreatic, head/neck

Methotrexate - foleate analog - decreases DNA, RNA and protein prod. - leukemia, lymphoma, solid tumors

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11
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Cyclophosphomide - leukemia, lymphoma, solid tumors; ovarian/breast cancer

Attach alkyl group to guanine base in DNA, damaging it and causing cell death

specific SE: SIADH

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12
Q

Platinum meds

A

Not cell cycle specific - cross links between DNA strands

Cisplatin - solid tumors; osteosarcoma, lung cancer
Oxaliplatin - advanced colorectal cancer
Carboplatin - lung cancer, etc

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13
Q

Anti-tumor ABX

A

Dactinomycin
Bleomycin - creates free oxygen radicals

interfere with DNA replication

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14
Q

Topoisomerase inhibitors

A

Ironotecan - metastatic colon cancer

Etopside - solid tumors; testicular tumor, SmCc

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15
Q

Microtubule inhibitors

A

Vincristine - acts in M phase - solid tumors, pediatric, leukemia
docetaxel - same

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16
Q

Monoclonal AB (onco) and their targets

A

Trastuzumab - HER2
Bevacizumab - VegF
Rituximab - CD20 - activates compliment -> induces apoptosis

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17
Q

Anasthetics, parenteral

A 
Stimulates GABAr or increases sensitivity to GABA:
- Thiopental
- Propofol
- Etomidate
Rapid onset, best for induction

NMDAr blocker
- Ketamine

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18
Q

Inhaled anasthetics

A

N2O - blocks NMDA; contraindication: pneumothorax (gas expansion)

Halogenated inhalational anesthetics - blocks NMDA; GABA agonists
- isoflurane
- desflurane
- sevoflurane
OBS! malignant hyperthermia due to Ca++ release in muscles

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19
Q

Short acting benzo

A

Alprazolam

Midazolam

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20
Q

Intermediate benzo

A

Clonazepam

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21
Q

Long acting benzo

A

Diazepam

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22
Q

Benzo antidote

A

Flumazenil

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23
Q

Barbiturates

A

Enhances GABA effect by prolonging the Cl- channel opening
Also blocks AMPA receptors
- thiopental
- PhenoBarbital - first line treatment for neonatal seizures

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24
Q

General/partial seizure drugs

A

PHENYLTOIN - prophylaxis of status epelepticus

Carbamazipine
Phenobarbital
Valproate
Vigabitrine

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25
Q

Absence seizures

A 
Ethosuximide
Valproate
Lamotrigine
Clonazepam
Diazepam
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26
Q

Uterine stimulants

A

Oxytocin - labour induction - opens Ca++ chnls in ER - contraction
Ergonovin - post partum hemorrhage treatment
Misoprostol - abortion induction after giving mifepristone/methotrexate

27
Q

Uterine relaxants

A

Labour supression against premature birth -

selective B2r AGONISTS
- Terbutaline
OxytocinR antagonist
- Atosiban

28
Q

Antiemetics - H1 antagonists

A

Diphenhydramine
Dimethydrinate
Promethazine

good for nausea of vestibular origin (motion sickness)

29
Q

Antiemetics - «other»

A

Droperidol - antipsychotic, useful in kids

30
Q

Antiemetics - benzoamides

A

Metoclopramide

- blocks 5HT3, stim. 5HT4 - causes extrapyramidal symptoms

31
Q

Antiemetics - setrons

A

The strongest and most effective antiemetics together with NK1 antagonists, used in chemo and post-op vomiting

  • Ondangetron
  • Palonsetron
32
Q

Antiemetics - NK1 antagonists

A

Boosts efficacy of 5HT3 antagonism

  • Aprepitant
33
Q

Antiemetics - cannabinoids

A
  • Dronabinol, nabilon

- THC

34
Q

Laxatives - stool softeners

A

Parafin oil, glycerol

35
Q

Laxatives - bulk laxatives

A

Plant fibers

Expands bowel volume -> increases bowel motility

36
Q

Osmotic laxatives

A

Keeps water retained in bowel

Salts - MgSO4
Sugars - lactulose, glycerol

Massive purgative action

37
Q

Laxatives - bowel irritants

A

Stimulate electrolyte and water secretion, inhibits Na reabsorbtion

  • Castor oil: strongest ever, purgative as hell, rarely used, risin derived
  • Sennoside, aloe vera
  • Bisacodyl
38
Q

Anti diarrhea - absorbents

A

Active charcoal

39
Q

Anti diarrhea - adstringents

A

Forms protective layer so mucosa wont be irritated

Bizmuth salts

40
Q

Motility inhibitors

A

Loperamide - opioid agonist, used in IBS-D
Diphenoxylate - opioid agonist

both decreases ACh release

41
Q

Appetizers - bile acids

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) - secondary bile acid

IND: billiary cirrhosis, bily synth. problems

42
Q

Appetizers - liver protective enzymes

A

Silmarin

Acetylcysteine (can be used against paracetamol OD)

43
Q

HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS

1. Dose dependent, predictable direct liver toxicity

A

Paracetamol
iron
CCl4

44
Q

HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS

2. Dose dependent, predicatble, cholestatic (indirect)

A

Rifampin

Sexual hormones

45
Q

HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS

3. Dose independent, direct:

A

Halothan, indometacin, valproate

46
Q

HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS

4. Dose independent cholestasis

A

Chloropromazine

47
Q

HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS

5. Other

A

Alcohol
Benign liver tumors
Amiodarone

48
Q

Acid reducing agents - H2 R antagonists

A

«ToDine»
Famotidine

decreases acid secretion by 90%

49
Q

PPI’s

A

«prazole»

Oral: omeprazole
I.V.: esmoprazole, pantoprazole

Targets parietal cells, blocks H/K ATPase
Can block 99%

50
Q

Antacids

A

Magnesium oxide
Aluminium hydroxide

Symptomatic relief in GERD

51
Q

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (membrane bound)

A

-nib

HER1/EGFR
- Erlotinib, gefitinib

VEGFR
- Sunitunib

HER1 + HER2
- Lapatinib

ALK fusion
- Crizotinib

52
Q

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (non-membrane bound)

A

BCR-ABL
Imatinib - first ever

Brutans TKI
-iBrutinab

RAF-kinase inh.
-Dabrufinib

MEK-inh.
- Trametanib

53
Q

immuno - calcineurin inhibitors

A

Blocks transcription of IL2 from Th2
- cyclosporin A
only severe cases

IND
bone marrow transplant, GvH, RA, uveitis

  • Tacrolimus
    more potent
54
Q

mTOR inh.

A

Sirolimus

Blocks t-cell proliferative signal from IL-2

ind

  • kidney trx, GvH
  • drug coated stents
55
Q

JAK inhibitors

A

Tofacitinib

ind: RA, combine with MTX

56
Q

Cytotoxic drugs (immuno)

A

Methotrexate
- anti inf. oral, onco is I.V. and higher dose

IND: RA, psoriasis, lupus, IBD

  • Leflunomide
    pyrimidine synth. block
57
Q

Immunosupressive AB - IVIG

A

ATG - antithymocyte globulin

kills and blocks lymphocytes

58
Q

Immunosupressive AB - Monoclonal AB

A

Rituximab

- anti B-cell - binds CD20 of malignant and normal B-cells

59
Q

Anti TNFa

A

Infliximab
Adlimumab

IND
RA, IBD

60
Q

Anti IL-6 receptor

A

Tocilizumab

IND
RA

61
Q

Anti IL-12/23 AB

A

Ustekinumab

IL-23 -> Th17 -> IL-17: Psoriasis ind
IL-12 -> Th1 -> IL-2: cell mediated damage

62
Q

Cancer: hormonal agents

A

Progesterone - inh. of LH and FSH
Tamoxifen - anti estrogen - breast cc
Amastrozol - inh. estrogen synth

Bicalutamide - testosterone R blocker
Goserelin - GnRH agonist
Degarelix - GnRH antagonist

Prednisolone - used pallatively, decreases intercranial pressure in brain tumors

63
Q

Neurodegenerative diseases - parkinsons

A

Early phase:
MAO-B inhibitors - selegiline
or
DA agonists - pramipexole, ropinirole

Start substitution therapy (levodopa) as late as possible

In tremor dominant or drug induced Parkinsons:
Anticholinergic drugs

Pharmacology Semmelweis (42 decks)

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