2.1.3: Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What is DNA replication described as?
Semi-conservative
In replication, one strand is conserved and one new strand is created.
What is a mutation?
A change to the DNA base sequence due to copying errors in DNA replication
These errors can occur randomly and spontaneously.
What are the three special features of the genetic code?
- Degenerate
- Universal
- Non-overlapping
How many amino acids does the genetic code need to code for?
20 amino acids
What are the four DNA bases?
- G
- C
- T
- A
Why are three bases needed to code for amino acids?
To make enough combinations to code for at least 20 amino acids
If one base coded for one amino acid, how many amino acids could be coded for?
4 amino acids
If two bases coded for one amino acid, how many amino acids could be coded for?
16 amino acids
If three bases code for one amino acid, how many amino acids could be coded for?
64 amino acids
What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?
Some amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet of bases
For example, tyrosine can be coded for by ATA and ATG.
What is the start codon in the genetic code?
AUG
What are the stop codons in the genetic code?
- UAA
- UAG
- UGA
What is the role of DNA Polymerase?
To synthesize new strands of DNA during replication
What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?
To unwind the DNA double helix
Fill in the blank: The leading strand is synthesized ______.
continuously
Fill in the blank: The lagging strand is synthesized ______.
discontinuously
