2.1.1: Ultrastructure Of Cells Flashcards
What is the structure of the Cell Wall?
Consists of polysaccharides, cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi
It provides structural strength to cells.
What is the function of the Cell Wall?
Provides structural strength to cells and prevents cells from bursting when water enters by osmosis
The middle lamella is a thin boundary layer between adjacent cells.
What is the Middle Lamella?
A thin boundary layer between adjacent cells
It contains pectin.
What are Microfibrils?
Structural components found in the cell wall
They are made of cellulose.
What is the Primary Cell Wall?
The first layer of the cell wall formed by plant cells
It is flexible and allows for cell growth.
What organelle is involved in the production and secretion of proteins?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Ribosomes on the outside synthesize polypeptide chains.
How are polypeptide chains transported to the Golgi apparatus?
They move to the cisternae in the RER and are packaged into vesicles via the cytoskeleton
This process is crucial for protein modification.
What happens to proteins in the Golgi apparatus?
Proteins are modified and packaged into vesicles
These vesicles are essential for transporting proteins.
What is the role of secretory vesicles?
Carry proteins to the cell surface membrane for release by exocytosis
They fuse with the membrane to release proteins.
Fill in the blank: The process of releasing proteins from the cell surface membrane is called _______.
Exocytosis
It is a vital process in cellular secretion.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton in protein secretion?
It helps transport vesicles to the Golgi apparatus and cell surface
The cytoskeleton is essential for maintaining cell shape.
